^

Hist,

0 fh

1

INDEX

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST

VOLUME XXXII

OCTOBER 1918 - SEPTEMBER 1919

Page Airplane as a Mail Carrier, The 182

Activities of John Walter Scott,

A Short Sketch of the 141

Activities of the Philatelic Societies.

210, 257, 304, 355, 392, 436, 449 Aldrich, Ernest R., Obituary. 78

Annual Convention, the 34th. 470

Authorization of Surcharges of Turkish Stamps for Mesopo- tamia. 115

B

Berne Circular.

34, 100, 147, 241, 289, 325, 371, 419 Biography and History of the

1851-60 Issue. 53, 90, 133

Biography and History of the

1861-67 Issue. 177, 221, 277, 317 Biography and History of the

1869 Issue. 361, 401 Biography and History of the

1870 Issue. 445 Biography.

Cerrachi, Guiseppe. 55

Dodge, John W. 277

Franklin, Benjamin. 22

Houdan, Jean Antoine. 5 6

Jackson, Andrew. 221

Jefferson, Thomas. 5 8

Lincoln, Abraham. 278

Longacre, James Barton. 22

Stahlberg, Prof. K. J. 430

Stuart, Gilbert. 23

Trumbull, John. 91

Vanderlyn, John. 362

Bolivia, The History of the 1894

Issue of 409 Bransford, Edgar M., Obituary. 367 British Occupation of German

Samoa. 154

C

Cancellations, A study in 135 Cancellations, U. S. Inland Steam Boat Route, Prio to Au- gust 1, 1861. 363 Cerrachi, Guiseppe. 55 Confederate State Postal Affairs. 26 Counterfeit United States Stamps. 15 7 Chronicle, New Issue Notes and

34, 69, 100, 147, 193, 241, 289

325, 371, 419, 453

Crown on Stamps, The 232

Current 2s Postal Cards. 45

D

Dodge, John W. 277

Double Perforated Stamps of the 1892 Issue of Turkey. 269

E

Editorial. 33, 67, 98, 146, 190

238, 286, 368, 416, 450

F

First Issue of United States Post- age Stamps, What the — Teaches. 21

Page

Forgeries.

British India, 18 6 6, Clever For- gery of 39

British Solomon Islands, Forger- ies of 387

Chile, Spurious Issue for 38

Egypt and Sudan, Forged Over- prints of 20 3

Eesti Overprints, Fraudulent 473

Foochow overprint of 1912, For- geries of 162

German Colonial Stamps, Forged Postmarks on 78

G. R. I.'s and First Setting Mar- shall, Faked 387

Italian Occupation Stamps, For- geries of 428

Jamaica War Tax Counterfeit. 304

Nyasaland Stamps, Forgeries of 348

Siam Faked Postmarks. 388

Franklin, Benjamin. 22

Future Delivery Stamps, Stock

Transfer and 63

G

German Samoa, British Occupa- tion of 154 Gibbs, Frank P., Obituary. 78

H

History and Biography of the 1851-60 Issue. 53, 90, 133

History and Biography of the 1861-67 Issue. 177, 221, 277, 317

History and Biography of the

1869 Issue. 361, 401 History and Biography of the

1870 Issue. 445 Honor, Roll of 3, 19, 51, 88, 131, 175 Houdon, Jean Antoine 56

I

In Memoriam. 87

Jackson, Andrew. 221

Jefferson, Thomas. 5 8

Jenny, Charles Elmer, Obituary. 367

K

Kachak Stamps of Turkey, The 145

Klein, Herbert Philip, Obituary. 41

Last of the Offset Plates, The 306

Lincoln, Abraham. 278

Longacre, James Barton. 22

M

Mail Carrier, The Airplane as a 182 Mayer, John F., Obituary. 367 Messages and Papers of the Presi- dents. 7, 73

N

New Plate Numbers.

121, 208, 260, 306, 391

New York Letter. 68

Notes on the U. S- Postal Issues. 7, 73

Page New Issue Notes and Chronicle.

3, 69, 100, 147, 241, 289, 325

371, 419, 453

Abyssinia. 327, 373, 420

Albania. 193, 420

Angola. 291 Argentine Republic.

70, 102, 291, 420, 454

Austria. 291, 373, 454 Austrian Occupation of Italian

Territory. 101 Azores. 102, 151, 381, 420 Bavaria. 291 Bavarian Republic. 327, 420 Belgium. 420 Belgium under German Occu- pation. 291 Belgian Occupation of German Bast Africa. 32 7

Bolivia.

Bosnia.

Brazil.

Bulgaria.

Canal Zone.

Cape Jubey.

Chile.

China.

Cilicia.

70, 243, 291, 373, 420 328

149, 193,

149, 292, 420, 454

149, 373, 374 149 421

70, 102, 193

193, 328

421, 454, 455

Colombian Republic. 149

Curacao. 35, 70, 104, 150 Czecho-Slovak Republic.

243, 244, 245, 292, 328, 374

421, 422, 455, 456

Denmark. 35, 70, 102, 149, 194

245, 292, 328, 374, 422, 456

Dominican Republic. 292, 422

Dutch Indies. 70, 104

Egypt. 70

Epirus. 70

Eritrea. 422

Fiume. 292, 293, 328, 329, 330,

374, 422, 423, 456

France. 293, 374

French Offices in China.

102, 374, 375, 423

French Colonies. 103

German Austria. 423, 454

German Empire. 294

German Republic. 45 6

German East Africa. 457

Greece. 330 Grecian Oc^upstion of Turkish

Territory. 423

Guatemala. 37 5

Hayti. 103, 149, 194, 245,

294, 376, 424, 457

Hungary.

149, 150, 194, 246, 330, 424 Hungarian Republic. 246, 330, 424 Indo-China. 70, 103, 424 Italy.

35, 70, 71, 150, 331, 377, 424 Italian Occupation of Austria.

150, 194, 195, 246, 294, 331 Japan. 379, 424, 425, 457 Jugo-Slavia. 196, 246, 247, 295,

331, 332, 377, 378, 425, 457, 458 Jugo-Slav Occupation of Hun- gary. 458, 459 Liberia. 71

Page

Lichtenstein.

247

Lourenzo Marques.

248,

380

Luxemburg.

104,

379

Macedonia.

71

Macao and Timor.

380

Mexico.

104,

150,

332

Montenegro.

332

Mozambique.

35

Mozambique Company

196

Netherlands.

104,

150

New Caledonia.

3E

., 71

Nicaragua.

71, 72, 104,

247,

296,

332

Norway.

150

Nyassa.

248

Panama Republic. 35,

104,

379,

459

Paraguay. 104,

150,

196,

332

Persia.

151, 296, 332,

380,

459,

460

Peru.

379

Philippines. 70,

101,

327,

420

Poland. 104, 248,

296,

333,

334

379,

380,

425,

460

Portugal.

151

Portuguese Colonies.

380

Portuguese India.

380

Rio de Oro.

299

Roumania. 151,

298,

334,

335

381,

426,

460

Roumanian Occupation of

Hun-

guary.

197,

335

Russia. 104, 152,

249,

297,

335

381,

426,

460,

461

Batoum.

460

Don Cossacks Republic.

297,

426

Estonia.

297,

382,

465

Georgia.

461

Latvia. 298,

381,

382,

461

Lithuania.

381,

461,

462

South Russian Republic.

335,

463

Ukraine.

251, 298, 335, 336,

426,

463,

464

St. Thomas & Prince

Islands.

381,

465

Salvador.

72, 105, 250,

383,

299,

426

Serbia.

105,

106,

152

Serbian Occupation of

Bosnia.

197,

250

Siam.

251,

298,

382

Slavonika.

72

Spain.

251

Spanish Guinea.

299

Sweden.

36, 106, 152, 197,

299,

426,

465

Switzerland. 72, 106,

152,

336,

465

Tunis.

103,

251,

383

Turkey. 36,

106,

426,

466

Uruguay.

466,

467

Wurtemberg.

337,

467

Wurtemburg Republic

467

Zambesia.

249

?UTISH COLONIES.

Great Britain.

36,

337

Morocco Agencies.

198

China Offices.

337

Aitutaki.

107,

198,

337

Antigua.

36

• . • '-•

Page

Australian Commonwealth.

72, 107,

299,

383,

426

Bahamas.

36, 72, 152, 251, 252

, 299

, 337,

426

Barbados.

299

Bermuda.

299,

383

British Honduras.

36

Canada.

299

Cayman Islands.

72,

198,

252

Ceylon.

152,

299.

337

Cook Islands.

107,

300

Dominica. 36

, 72,

252,

300

East Africa and Uganda.

107,

383,

467

Falkland Islands.

153

Federated Malay States.

36

:, 72

Fiji Islands.

300,

337

Gilbert & Bllice Islands.

252,

337

Gold Coast.

337

Hong Kong.

300

India.

383

Jamaica. 36,

337,

426,

468

Johore. 107,

198,

301,

338

Kedah.

301,

338,

468

Leeward Islands.

337

Malta.

337,

383

Mauritius.

337

Mesopotamia.

300,

337,

426

Monserrat. 3 6,

252,

300,

301

Mosul.

383,

426

Newfoundland.

153,

384

New Zealand.

72,

384

Nigeria.

338

Niue. 72,

107,

252,

338

North Borneo.

252

N. W. Pacific Islands.

338,

384,

427

Nyasaland.

338

Palestine.

72,

107,

198

Papua.

384

Penrhyn Islands. 36,

108,

338,

384

Rhodesia.

468

Rorotonga.

384,

468

St. Kitts-Nevis.

36,

252,

338

St. Helena.

384

St. Lucia.

252

St. Vincent.

72

Samoa.

301

Sarawak.

36

■Seychelles.

338

Somaliland.

338

Straits Settlements.

36,

338

Togo.

338

Trengganu.

384

Trinidad & Tobago.

72,

301,

338

Turks & Caicos Islands.

36, 72, 108, 301,

, 338,

339,

427

Virgin Islands.

301,

339

Zanzibar.

301

UNITED STATES.

34, 69, 70, 100, 101.

, 14 8-

193,

242

290, 325, 371, 372

, 373

, 419,

453

Offices in China.

289,

325,

326

Postal Cards. 36,

108,

153,

252,

301,

339,

385,

427

o

Obituary. 41, 78, 142, 367

Aldrich, Ernest R. 7 8

Bransford, Edgar M. 'S67

Gibbs, Frank P. 78

Jenny, Charles Elmer. 367

Klein, Herbert Philip. 41

Mayor, John F. 367

Scott John W. 8 7

Tuttle, George R. 142

Oddities in 3c 1851-57. 93, 143

Official Notices.

259, 354, 366, 439, 449

Offset Plates, The Last of the 306

Offset Printing, Plates and Print- ing of the 3 Cent. 109, 19 8

Passing of the 3c Envelope, The 403

Past, Reminiscences of the 187

Perforating Machines. 134

Philatelic Societies, Activities of

the 210, 257, 304, 355, 392, 449

Plate Numbers, New

121, 208, 260, 306, 391

Plates and Printings of the 3 Cent

Offset Printing. 109, 198

Palestine, Post and Postage

Stamps in 9 4

Post and Postage Stamps in Pal- estine. 94

Postal Affairs, Confederate State 2 6

Postal Cards. 36, 37, 45, 108, 153

253, 301, 339, 385

Postal Union Circular. 34, 100, 147

241, 289, 325, 371, 419

Precancel Notes. 99, 143, 185,

237, 285, 322, 412

Problems to Solve, Some 181

R

Reminiscenses of the Past. Report of the Sales Superintend- ent. 81, 267, Report of the Secretary.

5, 41, 79, 123, 166, 263, 309, 349, 393, 433, Report of the Treasurer.

43, 66, 122, 169,

267, 311, 351, 369,

Reunion Error, 52 Centimes of

1885. Roll of Honor.

3, 19, 51, 88, 131, Russian Stamps, The Ukraine Over- print on

S

Sanitary Fairs, Stamps of the

United States. Samoa, British Occupation of Ger- man Saxony, The 3 Pfennig of 1850. Scrap Bag, The

37, 76, 114, 161, 202, 303, 341, 387, 428, Air Mail, Etc.

Air Post London-Cologne. Aerial Route Beacons. Burleson Again Halts New

York-Chicago Aero Mail. Colombia Plans Aerial Mails.

187

352

212 474

215 436

125

175

283

61

154 408

253 472

303 341

118

388

Page First Aeroplane Post in

France. 37

First Trans-Atlantic Air Post,

The 38 8

German Aerial Mails. 303

Japan Starting Airmails. 4 73

Navy Starts New Air Mail

Service. 7 7

Newfoundland Trans-Atlantic

Air Mail. 428

New York-Chicago Air Mail

Route. 38

No Aerial Mail Stamps for

France. 303

Spanish Air Mail. 118

Abyssinian Stamps, The New 472

Astrologer's Prophesy, Our 37

Australian Commonwealth Pro- visional V2 Penny. 203 Australian Commonwealth, In- crease of Postal Rates in 117 Baar-le-Duc. 432 Babcock, Dr. Warren L., Award- ed Colonelcy. 114 Beginning of Philately, The 161 Belgian Red Cross, Status of 116 Bergedorf, Reprints of 118 Better Stamp Paper for British

Colonies. 389

Bolivia Bisected 10 Centavos

1916-17. 77

Bolschevism, Postage Stamps of 472 Cancellations on Early British

Indian Stamps. 40

Chili, Spurious Issue for 3 8

Chinese Dollar and the Shanghai

Surcharges, The 432

Chinese Dragon, The 304

Clever Forgery of British India

1866. 39

Croatians in Revolt. 430

Development of Rates of Post- age, The 40 Difficulties of Postal Delivery in

Alaska. 119

Exit Montenegro. 117

Faked G. R. I.'s and First Set- ting Marshalls. 387 Fiume the Key to Hungary. 254 Forged Overprints of Egypt and

Sudan. 203

Forged Postmarks on German

Colonial Stamps. 78

Forgeries of British Solomon

Islands. 3 87

Forgeries of Foochow Overprint

of 1912. 162

Forgeries of Italian Occupation

Stamps. 428

Forgeries of Nyasaland Stamps. 348 France- May Regain Mauritius. 432 Fraudulent Eesti Overprints. 473

French Stamps on War Time

Paper. 20 2

Gibraltar, A Short History of 202 Hyde, Lieut. Col. Arthur P. S.,

Promoted to Colonel. 205

Iron Crown of Hungary, The 163

Italian Offices in China. 77

Page Jamaica War Tax Counterfeit. 304 Japan Starting Airmails. 473

Kapa of Montenegro, The 390

Late German Colonies in the Pa- cific, The 204 Liechtenstein Would End 5 3

Years' War with Germany. 389

Mail for the Straits Settlements. 341 Mailing Regulations to Recon- structed Central Europe. 341 Mecca Issues, The 431 Mesopotamia, Authorization of Surcharging of Turkish Stamps for 115 Montenegro, Exit 117 Montenegro Refuses to Exit. 164 Montenegro Ends 1,000 Years'

Career. 341

Montenegro, The Kapa of 390

Montserrat 187 6 Variety of Sur- charge. 347 Mozambique Company, Official

Circular of the 255

Nauru. 389

Nauru, Quantities of First Issue

Sent to the Islands, 118

Newfoundland, Proposed New

Issue for 40

Newfoundland Trans-Atlantic Air

Mail. 428

New Britain. 390

New Finnish? President. 430

No Redemption of 3c Postage

Stamps. 387

Old Time Pony Express Rider

Dies. 77

Origin of the Red Cross, The 253 Oubangui-Chari-Tchad. 119

Peace Conference Post Cards. 4 31 Peace Stamps for France. 472

Political Conditions Governing

the Regeneration of Poland. 343 Political Conditions in Tonga. 118 Portuguese Nyassa Stamps Used by Nyassaland Protectorate Forces. 205

Postal Information Concerning

Various British Colonies. 164

Postal Service in London in

1821, The 203

Price of Postage Stamps in Indo-

China, The 39

Rate Now 2 Cents for Airplane

Mail. 428

Recouvrements Stamps of France,

Status of 117

Runanda and Urundi. 39

Russian Political Conditions. 303

Russian Form Democratic Gov- ernment and Recognize Es- thonia. 474

Shanghai Surcharged Stamps,

Remittances for 473

Siamese Stamps, Official Infor- mation as to 163 Siam Faked Postmarks. 3 88 Soviet Set Up in South Seas. 389 Stamps as Change. 304 Submarine Mail Service. 431

Page

Trail of the Criminal Ant, The 7 6

Two Great Stamp Printing Es- tablishments.

Ukrania.

Ukranians and Poles End War.

Uncatalogued Minor Varieties.

War Commemoratives for New Zealand.

War Raise in Postal Rate in India.

War Stamps.

War Stamp Exhibition in Lon- don.

What Uncle iSam Pays for Post- age (Stamps.

163 255 430 205

472

115 114

117

76

T

Timely Article of Thirty Years

Ago. 61

Trumbull, John. 91

Turkey, The Kachak Stamps of 145

Turkey, Double Perforated Stamps

of the 1892 Issue of 269

Turkish Stamps for Mesopotamia,

Authorization of Surcharging of 115

Tuttle, George R., Obituary. 142

U.

Ukraine Overprint on Russian Stamps, The 2 83

Universal Postal Union Circular.

34, 100, 147, 241, 289. 325, 371, 419

U. S. Inland Steam Boat Route Cancellations Prior to Au- gust 1, 1861. 363

U. S. Postal Service, Notes on the 7, 73

United States Postage Stamps, What the First Issue Teaches, 21

United States Stamps, Counterfeit 157

United States, New Issues and Chronicle. 34, 69, 70, 100, 148 193, 242, 290, 325, 371, 419, 453

United States,

1847 Issue. 1851-60 Issue.

53, 90, 1861-67 Issue.

1869 Issue.

1870 Issue.

21

93, 133, 143, 181

177, 221, 277, 317

361, 401

445

Vanderlyn, John.

V

W

362

21

What the First Issue of United States Postage Stamps Teaches.

Writers.

Ashbrook, Stanley B. 405

Atherton, H. P. 93, 143

Ault, Wm. E. 135

Bartels, J. Murray. 403

Cabeen, Richard McP.

Chase, Dr. Carroll.

Deaderick, Dr. Wm. H.

Dominion, Leon.

Evans, Dr. William B.

Griebert, Hugo.

Hartley, Dr. Lionel.

Hennan, Dr. C. W.

99, 143, 185, 237,

Hungerford, T. Russell.

Leavy, Joseph B.

21, 33, 34, 45, 53, 100, 109, 133, 141, 146, 182, 190, 193, 198, 221, 283, 286, 289, 317, 325, 401, 416, 419, 445, 450,

Owen, A. E.

Richards, Thomas G.

Scott, J. W.

Stone, Wm. C.

Wallack, Galen S.

Advertisers.

Ashbrook, Stanley B.

Bartels, J. M. & Co.

Champion, Theodore.

Collectors' Journal.

Colman, H. F.

Colson, Warren H.

Economist Stamp Co.

Fulton Stamp Co.

Cibbs, F. P.

Green, I. C.

Griebert, Hugo.

Guest, J. E.

Klein, Eugene.

Lloyd, Wm.

Locher, Edouard.

Mego, C. P.

Mehl, B. Max.

Michael, Fred.

Michael, O. A.

Morgenthau, J. C. & Co.

Mutual Stamp Exchange.

Nassau Stamp Co.

Numismatic Monthly.

Ohlman, M.

Phillips, W. C. & Co.

Philatelic Gazette.

Philatelic Tribune.

Pike, A. H.

Richards, C. F.

Roessler, A. C.

Rotnem, Vic W.

Scott Stamp & Coin Co

Smith, Alfred & Son.

Stamp Herald.

Stamp Trade.

Sveriges Filatelist-Foreninj

United Stamp Co.

Wisemanen, Armas.

Wolsieffer, P. M.

Page

7, 73

363

157

145, 269

181

408

68

285, 322, 412 187

67, 69, 90, 98 147, 154, 177 238, 241, 277 361, 368, 371 453

109, 198

409

61, 87, 232

26

63

AMERICAN PHILATELIC SOCIETY

BOARD OF DIRECTORS. President— J. W. Scott, 120 W. 49th Street, New York City. N. T. Hourri of \ i«<--rr.-si«(«iiis — F. S. Parmelee, Chairman, 210 First

Natl. Bank Bldg., Omalia, Neb.; H. A. Whipple, Recorder,

Omaha. Neb.; Dr. W. P. Wherrv. 603 Brandies Theatre

Bldg., Omaha, Xeb. Secretary — Dr. H. A. Davis, P. O. Box 613, Denver, Colo. Treasurer — J. E. Scott, 238 Lincoln Ave., Detroit, Mich, luteruatiouul Secretary — L. Harald Kjellstedt, 1026 Woodlawn

Ave., Scranton, Pa. Directors-at- Large — H. B. Phillips, Berkeley, Calif.; H. N.

Mudge, Chicago, 111.

APPOINTIVE OFFICERS. Sales Supt. — P. M. Wolsieffer, 21 S. 17th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Examiner of Sales Books — A. F. Henkels, Philadelphia, Pa. Editor of American Philatelist — Wm. E. Ault, 3881 Connecticut

St., St. Louis, Mo. Librarian — John H. Leete, Pittsburgh, Pa. Assistant Librarian — Adam E. Daum, 421 Wood St., Pittsburgh,

Pa. Attorney — Fred. R. Schmalzriedt, 938 Majestic Bldg., Detroit,

Mich. Counterfeit Detector — Eugene Klein. 1318 Chestnut St., Phila- delphia, Pa.

COMMITTEES. Expert — John N. Luff, John A. Klemann, J. M. Bartels. Philatelic Literature — Wm. R. Ricketts. H. E. Deats, W. R.

Kins: Philatelic Index — Wm. R. Ricketts, Clifford W. Kissinger. C. A.

Howes. Obituary — Julian Park. Rev. L. G. Dorpat, F. H. Burt. Catalogue — A. E Owen, W. B. Sprague, Dr. Carroll Chase, J.

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Vol. XXXII

HE

Oct. 15, 1918.

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THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST

Official Journal of the American Philatelic Society

Vol XXXII

OCTOBER 15, 1918.

No. 1

ROLL OF HONOR.

It is desired to list every member connected with any service branches of the Army and Navy and you are asked to send your name and rank to the Editor for inclusion in this list. The co-operation of all members is also asked in order to have this list complete. The list is intended to include both officers and enlisted members.

Additions to the list since last corrections are marked with a *.

United States Army (all branches.)

BABCOCK, LT. COL. WARREN L., M.

D., 6th Regt. Coast Artillery, Am.

Ex. Forces. BANDHOLTZ, BRIG. GEN. HARRY H. BURTON, CAPT. KENNETH, 364th

Infantry. CARTWRIGHT, CAPT. BRUCE, Jr., Q.

M. C. OOLBURN, CAPT. WM. B., Co. E.

3 37 Infantry. COSBY, COL. SPENCER, 5th Engineers. CRITTENDEN, CAPT. JAMES L.,

Coast Artillery. DE HOSTOS, CAPT. EUGENIO O, P. R.

Infantry. DIEMER, MAJOR HUGO, Ordnance

Dept. DRAKE, MAJOR J. FRANK, Ordinance

Dept. FARNHAM, LT. FRED E. FEASEL, ALVIN, 148th U. S. Inf.

Supply Co., 37th Div. FUSS, EDWIN W., Co. I., M. P., 78th

Div. GRAHN, HENRY V., Co. 18 Coaet

Artillery. GREENING, E. H.

HAMILTON, REV. A. W., (Branch un- known). HAMILTON, MAJOR CHAS. S., 11th In- fantry.

HAMILTON, CAPT. WILLIAM A., 7th Co. Coast Artillery.

HENN, FIRST LT. RALPH F., Ord- nance Dept.

HEYMAN, LT. LAURENCE J., 336th Infantry.

HOLT, MAJOR JOHN M., M. D.

HOPKINS, ROBERT E., 25th Engi- neers.

HYDE, LT. COL. ARTHUR P. S., Coast Artillery Corps.

IRELAND, 1st LT. GORDON, Signal Corps.

KNAUER, FIRST LT. J. GLEN, 312th Field Artillery. LAFEAN, EARLE B., (Branch un- known.)

LaMOTTE, CAPT. CLARENCE K., In- fantry.

LAURITZEN, HARRY, Battery D, 346th F. A.

LESTER, LT. G. M., Co. L., 59th In- fantry. LEWY, CAPT. H. M., Motor Transport Corps.

LOPEZ, CAPT. PASCUAL, Porto Rico Infantry.

MARTIN, DONALD W., Q. R. M. C.

MASSON, THOS. L., (Branch un- known.

MERILLAT, CAPT. LOUIS A., Jr., In- fantry.

MILLS, MAJOR WILLIS E., 4th Ma- chine Gun Bn., 2nd Div., Am. Ex. Forces.

MITCHELL, CAPT. WALTON I., M. D.( 5th Infantry.

MORRISON, CHARLES R., Co. C. 122d Field Artillery.

OSSEGE, W. J., (Branch unknown).

PALMER, MAJOR FREDERICK L., re- tired.

PARKER, CAPT. CLYDE B., Infantry.

PARTELLO, COL. JOSEPH M. T., re- tired.

PETERS. MAJOR DON PRESTON, M. D.

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

POLLARD, ROWLAND P., Co. I, 1st

Vermont Infantry. PRESTON, CAPT. HARRY L., 22nd

Engineers. RITTER, KARL, 3rd Co., 10th Inf. ROlBEB, WILLIAM, Masonic Ambulance

Corps of Calif. ROSE A., 829th Aero Squadron. ROTH, JEROME R., Battery E., 20th

F. A. SHIRCLIFFE, LT. ARNOLD, 1st Ohio

Infantry. SLUSSER, MASTER ELECTRICIAN,

WALTER F., Coast Artillery, N. A. STANGEBY, 1st LT. T. L., Dental R. C. STARK, CAPT. ORA E., Q. M. C. UNIDERWOOD, CAPT. ARTHUR R.,

64th Infantry. URFF, CORP. PAUL J., Jr., Co. H.,

30 6th Infantry. VAWTER, SERG. WILLIAM S., Q. M. C. WAGNER, ROBERT J., Co. S. 333d

Infantry. WEINGART, 1st LT. WILLIAM, M. D. WEISSHEIMER, CAPT. J. WARREN,

5 6th Infantry. WETHERELL, D. E., Bat. F., 4th Field

Artillery.

M. C. WHEAT, MAJOR A. F., M. D. WHEATuN, LT. COL. FRANCIS B., Q.

M. C. WOODHOUSE, 1st LT. S. W. WORRILOW, COL. ULYSSES G., In- fantry.

United States Navy.

EISENDRATH, RICHARD R., Naval

Reserves.

FERGUSON, ENSIGN W. F., U. S. S. Indiana.

GREEN, DICK, 132nd Co., 11th Regt.

HILEMAN, COMMANDER JOSEPH S.

HOOGHKIRK, ROBERT C, Naval Re- serves.

JUKES, ENSIGN E. W., Aide, 4th Na- val District.

JUNGWIRTH, JOHN, Naval Reserve.

PUGSLEY, FREDERIC N., Assistant Surgeon, Naval Reserve.

RYADL, GEORGE D., Co. d-6, Training Station.

THEAMANN, CHARLES M.

WIGGINS, JOSEPH G., Naval Reserve.

WINTERHALTER, REAR-ADMIRAL A. G.

Reserve Officers' Training Camps.

CARPENTER, A. EVERLY, Student. HUTCHINS, FERNALD, Student. MORSE, CHAS. R., Student.

French Army.

OHASE, MAJOR CARROLL, M. D. GIBSON, HENRY C.

British Army.

CLARKE, SAPPER EDWARD I., En- gineers Training Depot, (Canada).

ElVANS, MAJOR E. B., Royal Artillery.

GILBERT-LODGE, LT. E. M., Royal Engineers.

HERDMAN, SERGEANT MAJOR N., Seaforth Highlanders.

REID, LT. COL. JOHN Y., C. E. F.

WURTELE, LT. COL. ERNEST F., Canadian Militia.

ATTENTION MEMBERS.

Will you please cooperate with the Officers of the Society in order to save postage, save work and save time. Dues amounting to $1.80 are payable Sep- tember 1st, 1918. Why not send your dues now to the Treasurer, Mr. J. E. Scott, 238 Lincoln Ave., Detroit, Mich. It takes you but a few minutes, and then its over with for a year. It will help the Officers, it will cause the new Membership List to be issued early, it

may save you inconvenience later. It helps all around. Its system. Its pro- per. Its according to our By-Laws. Will you comply?

The Secretary.

The Philadelphia Branch Prize.

Philadelphia Branch #18 offers a $5.00 gold piece to the member obtain- ing the largest number of new members during the fiscal year 1918-19.

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

5

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.

Those receiving unsolicited approval sheets will kindly inform the Recorder o1 the Board of Vice Presidents of the names of dealers sending them, in order that the Board may take action to eradicate this evil.

NTo. 2. October 1, 1918.

Applications Pending.

Patteck, Nathaniel. Schwantes, Herman. Timourou, Win. von Bradford, E. Nelton. Brown, E. M. Coveleski, Jos. P. Pried, E. L. Hoyt, Geo. W. Marthers, Harry S. Nuese, Robert E. Singer, Robert E. Walker, J. Lewis, Jr. Wang, Chin Chai Wren, Katherine D.

Applications for Reinstatement Pending.

94 3 Reynolds, John N. 130 Osborn, Chas E.

Applications Posted.

Aguirre, Eduardo, Av. Francisco I, Madero 5 3, Mexico, D. F.; Age 50; Stamp Dealer; Reference: (Applica- tion being held for Reference.) ; Pro- posed by Robt. E. Zesati, #5034.

Cadbury, Benjamin, 1136 Ridge Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.; Age 45; Haines, Jones, Hadbury Co., Wholesale Plumbing Supplies; Reference: Fred Liebeck, 1535 Chestnut St., Phila- delphia, Pa.; Proposed by Percy McG. Mann, #3202.

Turnbull, H. Milton, P. O. Box 532, Digby, Nova Scotia, Canada; Age 16; Student; Guaranteed by Harry B. Dillon, Digby, N. S.; Recommended by H. A. Davis, #1925.

Hamilton, Thomas H., 314 Summit Ave. Webster Groves, Mo.; Age 24; With Standard Oil Co.; Reference: Herbert H. A. Fox, Oswego, N. Y.; Proposed by Howard E. Day, #5010.

Mengel, Arthur R., 739 Penn St., Read-

ing, Pa.; Age 25; Teacher English History; Reference: Berks County Trust Co., Reading, Pa.; Proposed by L. T. Brodstone, #1142.

Moss, Rev. Arthur Bruce, 23 E. 127th St., New York; Clergyman, M. E. Church; Age 30; Reference E. M. Car- ter, 61 Broadway, New York; Pro- posed by H. A. Davis, #1925.

Purdie, Francis B., 459 Broadway, Al- bany, N. Y.; Age 58; Mgr. R. G. Dun & Co.; Reference: John Callis, care R. G. Dun & Co., Denver, Colo.; Proposed by H. A. Davis, #1925.

Scheller, Gust. A., 457 Van Dyk Ave., Paterson, N. J.; Age 46; Superinten- dent; Reference: Wm. Otten, 112 Belmont Ave., Paterson, N. J.; Pro- posed by H. A. Davis, #1925.

Sutton, C. P., Box 191, Fairville, New Brunswick, Canada; Age 48; Lum- ber Surveyor; Reference: J. A. Greg- ory, West St. John, N. B. Canada; Proposed by H. A. Davis, #1925.

Sinclair, H. M., 8 Williams St., Holyoke, Mass.; Age 37; Office Managers; Reference: A. J. Osborne, Osborne Hdw. Co., Holyoke, Mass.; Proposed by H. A. Davis, #1925.

Application For Reinstatement.

Mitchell, Dr. Geo. W., 505 Green St., Philadelphia, Pa.; Age 50; Physician; Reference: A. F. Henkels, 13 S. 17th St., Philadelphia, Pa.; Proposed by P. M. Wolsieffer, #38.

New Stockholders.

5189 Birkenfeld, Jos., 340 Eddy St., San Francisco, Calif.

5190 Robinson, R. W., 401 S. Homan Ave., Chicago, 111.

Reinstated.

2597 Terry, John J., Box 1184 Seattle, Wash.

6

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

Resignation Received.

4144 Bolton, S. K., Pound Hill Place, Shirley, Mass.

Resignations Accepted.

4168 Harbeck, Chas. T., New York. 2365 Hepler, Jno. A., Reading, Pa. Deaths Reported.

4987 Havens, H. R., 177 Homer St., Newton Center, Mass. 7 Terrett, H. N., Woodside, N. Y. 1790 Warden, Jos., 1137 Dueber Ave., Canton, Ohio.

Change of Name.

516 5 Kolb, Walter V., Hilo, Hawaii, name has been changed by decree of Governor of Hawaii to.

5165 Allen, Walter V., Box 912, Hilo, Hawaii.

Change of Address.

4013 Bendix, B. from 844 N. St. Clair

St. to 824 Melton St., Pittsburg,

Pa. 116 Book, Robt. D., Sewickeley to 44 6

Union Arcade, Pittsburg, Pa. 4947 Brookfield, R. M., Jr. from Box

4008 to 2135 Porter St., Phila.,

Pa. 4725 Hargraft, Geo. N., from 62 Glen

Rd. to 29 Heath St., E., Toronto,

Canada. 19 81 Hollowbush, F. A. from New York

to Allenhurst, N. J. 4527 Moxey, Dr. A. F. from 36 Car- penter St. to 36 Mt. Airy Ave.,

Mt. Airy, Pa. 4826 Noronha, Delf, from Manila, P. I.

to 6300 Park Ave., Phila., Pa. 3692 Parker, Lt. Col. C. B. from the

Farragut to Pelham Courts, Wash.

D. C. 4958 Preston, H. L. from New York

City to Jordan, N. Y. 5038 Randolph, R. S. from Box 359

to 804 E. Fontanero St., Colo.

Spgs., Colo. 4702 Robb, Wm. from San Francisco to 364 Ambulance Co., 316 San- itary Tr., A. E. F. 4063 Ryall, Ensign Geo. D. from Los Angeles to care Postmaster, N. Y.

5167 Skinner, C. P., from New York to Operating Div., Quartermaster General Office, 19th & B. Sts., Washington, D. C.

4347 Speelman, Oscar P., from Chica- go to 114 N. Park Ave. Park Ridge, 111.

5074 Tener, Jno. F. Jr., from 1419 Pen- drell St. to 3002 Marine Drive, Vancouver, B. C, Canada.

3 631 Tudbury, Warren C. from Mar- guerite Apts. to 925 Modoc St., Berkeley, Cal.

4817 Vawter, Lt. W. S. from Ft. Lea- venworth to 304th Stevedore Training Reg., Camp Alexander, Va.

36 93 Wade, Chas. M. from Palo Alto to 732 Market St., San Francisco, Cal.

3110 Webb, C. V., from Painesville, to Perry, Ohio.

3563 Wilson, H. H. from 152 Monroe St. to 525 Fourth St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

1545 Wurtele, E. F. Quebec to Box 67, Sta. B., Montreal, Canada. Membership Summary.

Membership Sept. 1st, 1918 1615

New Stockholders 2

Reinstated 1

1618

Resignations accepted Deceased

Total Membership, Oct. 1, 1918 1613 H. A. DAVIS, Secretary.

The A. W. Dunning Prizes.

Beginning September 1st, 1918 Mr. A. W. Dunning Offers $5.00 worth of good stamps to the member sending in the largest number of applications for membership each month, providing three or more applications are received. Reinstatements will count the same as a new application. For the month of September the prize will consist of $15 worth of good stamps. Then there are three other packets worth $5 each which will be offered until won by some mem- ber.

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

NOTES ON THE U. S. POSTAL SERVICE.

Compiled by RICHARD McP. CABEEN.

The following extracts from "The Messages and Papers of The Presidents" by James D. Richardson published in 1901 are considered to be of sufficient interest to place before the collectors of U. S. Stamps and the members of the American Philatelic Society. In order to limit the article most of the statistics have been omitted except in a few cases where comparison is mr.de with previous years.

Messages and Papers of the Presidents. Vol. II.

JOHN QUINCY ADAMS Fourth An- nual Message. Dec. 2, 1828. "* * * * With the Report from the Postmaster General is exhibited a comparative view of the gradual increase of that estab- lishment, from five to five years, since 1792 till this time in the number of post-offices which has grown from less than 200 to nearly 8,000; in the reve- nue yielded by them, which from $67,- 000 has swollen to upward of a million and a half and in the number of miles of post-roads, which from 5,64 2 have multiplied to 114,536. * * * The ex- penditures of the Department during the year which ended on the 1st., of July last have exceeded the receipts by a sum of about $25,000 * * * . The suggestion of the Postmaster-General that the insurance of the safe transmis- sion of moneys by the mail might be assumed by the Department for a mod- erate and competent remuneration will deserve the consideration of Congress."

Note. (This is the first reference made to the establishment of the money order system.)

Messages and Papers of the Presidents. Vol. III.

ANDERW JACKSON. Sixth Annual Message. Dec. 1, 1834.

«**** Thig (tne deficit in tne post- office Department) is attributed in a great degree to the increase of free letters growing out of the extension and abuse of the franking privilege. There has been a gradual increase in the num- ber of executive offices to which it has been granted and by an act passed in March, 1833, it was extended to Mem- bers of Congress throughout the whole year * * *."

Seventh 1835.

Annual Message. Dec. 7,

<<* * * By f-ne report of the Post- master General it appears that the reve- nue *** exceeded its accruing responsi- bilities $236,206, and that the surplus of the present fiscal year is estimated at $476,227. * * * Particular atten- tion is solicited to that portion of the report * * * which relates to the Car- riage of the mails * * * upon railroads constructed by private corporations * * * it is suggested whether it be not expedient to fix by law the amounts which shall be offered to railroad com- panies for the conveyance of the mails, graduated according to their average weight, to be ascertained and declared by the Postmaster-General * * * ."

Eighth Annual Message. Dec. 5, 1836.

"* * * Its revenue for the year end- ing the 30th., June last were $3,398,- 455.19. * * the expenditures * * were $2,755,623.76 exhibiting a surplus of $642,831.43 The Department has been redeemed from embarassment and debt **** and recommends a reduction of postage equal to about 20 per cent ****. The scale of postage suggested **** recommends itself, not only by the re- duction it proposes, but by the simpli- city of its arrangement, its conformity with the Federal Currency ****".

Note. Needless to say this reduction was not made.

MARTIN VANBUREN. First Annual Message. Dec. 5, 1837.

«**** The maiJ routeg of th6 United States cover an extent of about 142,- 877 miles having been increased about 37,103 miles within the last two years. **** The number of Post-offices has also increased from 10,770 to 12,099 a few of which receive the mails less than

8

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

once a week and a large portion of them daily ****.

Messages and Papers of the Presidents. Vol. IV.

JOHN TYLER. Fourth Annual Mes- sage. Dec. 3, 1844.

<<**** j cannot too strongly urge the policy of authorizing the establishment of a line of steamships regularly to ply between this country and foreign parts and upon our own waters for the trans- portation of the mail. The example of the British Government is well worthy of imitation in this respect ****".

JAMES K. POLK. First Annual Mes- sage. Washington Dec. 2, 1845.

"**** It will be seen that the income from postages will fall short of the ex- penditures for the year between $1,- 000,000 and $2,000,000. This defi- ciency has been caused by the reduction of the rates of postage, which was made by the act of the 3rd. of March last. **** Congress has never sought to make it a source of revenue for general pur- poses except for a short period during the last war with Great Britain, nor should ever become a charge on the general Treasury. If Congress shall adhere to this principle, as I think they ought, it will be necessary either to cur- tail the present mail service so as to reduce the expenditures, or as to modify the act of the 3rd. of March last as to its revenues. The extension of the mail service **** which will be de- manded by the rapid extension and in- crease of population on our western frontier will not admit of such curtail- ment. **** In the adjustment of the tariff of postages the interests of the people demand that the lowest rates be adapted which will produce the neces- sary revenue to meet the expenditures of the Department. **** Proper mea- sures have been taken in pursuance of the act of the 3rd of March last for the establishment of lines of mail steamers, between this and foreign countries. The importance of this service commends itself strongly to favorable considera- tion ****."

Third Annual Message. Washington, Dec. 7, 1847.

«**** Within so short a period after the reduction in the rates of postage, and not withstanding the great increase of mail service, the revenue received for the year will be sufficient to defray all the expenses. **** The first of the' American mail steamers authorized by the act of the 3rd. of March 1845, was completed and entered upon the service on the 1st. of June last, and is now on her third voyage to Bremen and other intermediate ports. The other vessels authorized under the provisions of that act are in course of construction and will be put upon the line as soon as com- pleted. Contracts have also been made for the transportation of the mail in a steamer from Charleston to Havana. A reciprocal and satsifactory postal ar- rangement has been made by the Post- master-General with the authorities of Bremen and no difficulty is apprehended in making similar arrangements with all other powers with which we may have communications by mail steamers, except with Great Britain. On the ar- rival of the first of the American steam- ers bound to Bremen at Southampton, in the month of June last, the British postoffice directed the collection of dis- criminating postages and all letters and other mailable matter which she took out to Great Britain or which went into the British post office on their way to France and other parts of Europe. The effect of the order of the British post- office is to subject all letters and other matter transported by American Steam- ers to double postage, one postage hav- ing been previously paid on them to the United States, while letters transported in British steamers are subject to pay but a single postage.

This measure was adopted with the avowed object of protecting the British line of mail steamers now running be- tween Boston and Liverpool, and if permitted to continue must speedily put an end to the transportation of all letters and other matter by American steamers and give to British steamers a monopoly of the business. A just

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

9

and fair reciprocity is all that we desire, and on this we must insist. By our laws no such discrimination is made against British steamers bringing letters into our ports, but all letters arriving in the United States are subject to the same rate of postage, whether brought in British or American steamers. I refer you to the report of the Postmaster- General for a full statement of the facte of the case and of the steps taken by him to correct this inequality. He has exerted all the power conferred upon him by the existing laws. The minis- ter of the United States at London has brought the subject to the attention of the British Government, and is now en- gaged in negotiations for the purpose of adjusting reciprocal postal arrangements which will be equally just to both coun- tries. Should he fail in concluding such arrangements, and should Great Britain insist on enforcing the unequal and un- just measure she has adopted it will be- come necessary to confer additional powers on the Postmaster-General in order to enable him to meet the emer- gency and to put our own steamers on an equal footing with British steamers engaged in transporting the mails be- tween the two countries, and I recom- mend that such powers be conferred

Fourth Annual Message. Dec. 5, 1848.

****** jn pursuance 0f the act of the 14th. of August last, extending the benefit of our post-office laws to the people of California, the Postmaster- Genei^al has appointed two agents, who have proceeded, the one to California and the other to Oregon, with authority to make the necessary arrangements for carrying its provisions into effect. The monthly line of mail steamers from Panama to Astoria has been required to "Stop and deliver and take to San Diego, Monterey and San Francisco". These mail steamers, connected by the Isth- mus of Panama with the line of mail steamers on the Atlantic between New York and Chagres, will establish a regu- lar mail communication with California.

***** The contracts for the transporta- tion of the mail in steamships, convert- ible into war steamers, promises to rea- lize all the benefits to our commerce and to the navy which were anticipated. The first steamer thus secured to the Government was launched in January, 1847. There are now seven, and in an- other year there will probably be not less than seventeen afloat. ***** As an important part of the system, I recom- mend to your favorable consideration the establishment of the proposed line of steamers between New Orleans and Vera Cruz. It promises the most happy results in cementing friendship between the two Republics and extending re- ciprocal benefits to the trade and manu- factures of both. During the past year there have been employed under con- tracts with the Postoffice Department, two ocean steamers in conveying the mails monthly between New York and Bremen, and one since October last, per- forming semi-monthly service between Charleston and Havana: and a contract has been made for the transportation of the Pacific mails across the Isthmus from Chagres to Panama. Under the authority given to the Secretary of the Navy, three ocean steamers have been constructed and sent to the Pacific, and are expected to enter upon the mail service between Panama and Oregon, and the intermediate ports on the 1st of January next; and a fourth has been en- gaged by him for the service between Havana and Chagres, so that a regular monthly mail line will be kept up after that time between the United States and our territories on the Pacific. Notwith- standing the great increase the present year as it did in the last, there will be received near $450,000 more than the expenditures. These considerations have satisfied the Postmaster-General that, with certain modifications of the act of 1845, the revenue may be still further increased and a reduction of postage made to a uniform rate of 5 cents, without an interference with the principle, which has been constantly and properly enforced, of making that De- partment sustain itself ****",

10

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

Messages and Papers of the Presidents. Vol. V.

Taylor. First Annual Message. Dec. 4, 1849.

«**** By an Act of congress passed August 14, 1848 provision was made for extending post-office and mail accomo- dations to California and Oregon. Ex- ertions have been made to execute that law, but the limited provisions of the act, the inadequacy of the means it authorizes, the ill adaptation of our post office laws to the situation in that coun- try and the measure of compensation for services allowed by those laws com- pared with the price of labor and rents in California, render those exertions in a great degree ineffectual. **** The act of 1845 reducing postage has now by its operation during the four years produced results fully showing that the income from such reduced postage is sufficient to sustain the whole expense of the service of the Post-Office Depart- ment, not including the cost of trans- portation in mail steamers on the lines from New York to Chagres and from Panama to Astoria which has not been considered by Congress as properly be- longing to the mail service. It is sub- mitted to the wisdom of Congress wheth- er a further reduction should not now be made, more particularly on the letter correspondence. This should be relieved from the unjust burden of transporting and delivering the franked matter of Con gress *** I confidently believe that a change may safely be made reducing all single-letter postage to a uniform rate of 5 cents, regardless of distance **** and I therefore respectfully recommend such a reduction. Should Congress pre- fer to abolish the franking privilege entirely, it seems probable that no de- mand on, the Treasury would result from the proposed reduction of postage. Whether any further diminution should now be made, or the result of the reduc- tion to 5 cents, which I have recommend- ed, should be first tested is submitted to your decision. Since the commence- ment of the last session of Congress a

postal treaty with Great Britain has been received and ratified, and such relations have been formed by the post- office departments of the two countries in pursuance of that treaty as to carry its provisions into full operation. The attempt to extend this same arrange- ment through England has not been equally successful, but the purpose has not been advanced ***".

MILLARD FILLMORE. First Annual Message. Dec. 2, 1850.

"**** At the close of the last fiscal year the length of the inland mail routes in the United States (not em- bracing the service in Oregon and Cali- fornia) was 178,672 miles, the annual transportation thereon was 46,541,423 miles, and the annual cost of such trans- poration $2,724,425. The number of post-offices in the United States on the 1st. day of July last was 18,417. The gross revenue of the Department for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1850 amount- ed to $5,552,971.48, including the an- nual appropriation of $200,000 for the franked matter of the Departments, and excluding the foreign postages collected for and payable to the British Govern- ment. The expenditures for the same period were $5,212,953.43 **•**. I am happy to find that the fiscal condition is such as to justify the Postmaster- General in recommending the reduction of our inland letter postage to 3 cents, the single letter when prepaid and 5 cents when not prepaid. He also recom- mends that the prepaid rate be reduced to 2 cents whenever the revenues of the Department, after the reduction shall exceed its expenditures by more than 5 per-cent for two consecutive years; that the postage upon California and other letters sent by our ocean steamers shall be much reduced and that the rates of postage on news papers, pamphlets periodicals and other printed matter shall be modified and some- reduction thereon be made ****."

Third Annual Message.

"*.*** The receipts from postages for

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11

that time (The last fiscal year) were lees by $1,431,696 than for the preced- ing fiscal year, being a decrease of about 23 per cent. This *** is attributed to the reduction in the rates of postage made by the act of March 3, 1851, which reduction took effect at the commence- ment of the last fiscal year. **** al- though **** during the last year the act referred to has not fulfilled the pre- dictions of its friends ****. I should, nevertheless, question the policy of re- turning to higher rates ****.

Franklin Pierce. Fourth Annual Mes- sage. Dec. 2, 1856.

"**** The recommendations of the Postmaster-General in relation to the abolition of the franking privilege and his views on the establishment of mail steamship lines deserve the considera- tion of Congress. I also call **** to the sum now paid *** to the Panama Railroad Company, and commend to their ** consideration ** new contracts ** upon that route, and also upon the Tehuantepec and Nicaragua routes. Question of the most serious nature are pending between The United States and the Republic of New Granada ****. The Congress of New Granada has also en- acted a law during the last year which levies a tax of more than 3 dollars on every pound of mail matter transported across the Isthmus. The sum thus re- quired to be paid on the mails of the United States would be nearly $2,000,- 000 annually in addition to the large sum payable to the Panama Railroad Company ***. If a measure as extra- ordinary in its character and so clearly contrary to treaty stipulations and the Contract rights of the Panama Railroad Company, composed mostly of American Citizens, should be persisted in, it will be the duty of the United States to re- sist its execution ***."

James Buchanan, First Annual Mes- sage. Dec. 2, 1857.

«**** Qur difficulties with New Gre- nada, which a short time since bore so

threatening an. aspect, we, it is to be hoped, in a fair train of settlement in a manner just and honorable to both parties ***. In that year (1827) there were 7,000 Post-Orfices; in 1837, 11,- 117; in 1847 15,146; and in 1857 they numbered 26,586. In this year 1,725 Post Offices have been established and 704 discontinued leaving a net increase of 1,021. The Postmasters of 368 offices are appointed by the President. The length of Post roads in 1827 was 105,- 336 miles; in 1837, 141,242 miles; in 1847, 153,818 miles and in the year 1857 there are 242,601 miles of post- road including 22,530 miles of railroad on which the mails are transported. I commend to your consideration **** the establishment of the overland mail route from the Mississippi River to San Francisco, California. The route was selected with my full concurrence, and the one in my judgment best calculated to attain the important objects contem- plated by Congress ****."

Second Annual Report. Dec. 6, 1858.

"**** The principal remedies (to overcome the deficiency in the Depart- ment) recommended to the considera- tion of Congress by the Post-master Gen- eral are to restore the former rate of postage upon single letters to 5 cents; to substitute for the franking privilege the delivery to those now entitled to enjoy it of post-office stamps for their correspondence, and to direct the De- partment in making contracts for the transportation of the mail to confine itself to the payment of the sum neces- sary for this single purpose, without re- quiring it to be transported in post coaches or carriages of any particular description. Under the present system the expense **** is greatly increased by requiring that the mail be carried in such vehicles as will accomodate pas- sengers. I ** again call your attention to **** a Pacific railroad ****. This can only be done by the keen eye and active and careful supervision of indi- vidual and private interest ***. Con- gress might then assist them (the pri-

12

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

vate Companies) **** by grants of land or of money, or both, **** as would secure the transportation of troops and munitions of war free from any charge and that of the *** mail at a fair and reasonable price ****. The great dis- tance to be overcome and the interven- ing mountains and deserts in the way were obstables which, in the opinion of many, could not be surmounted. Now after **** but a single year **** mail stages **** now pass and repass **** twice in each week **** between San Francisco and St. Louis and Memphis in less than 25 days. ****"

Pocket Veto. January 7, 1859. «**** 0n the lagt day of the last

session of Congress **** "A joint reso- lution in regard to the carrying the United States mails from Saint Josephs, Missouri to Placerville California" was presented to me for my approval. This **** directed the postmaster General "to order an increase of speed upon said route, requiring the mails to be carried through in 30 days, instead of 38 days, according to the existing con- tract, provided, the same can be done upon a prorata increase of compensation to the contractors". I did not approve this joint resolution; First: because it was presented ** to me ** at so late a period that I had not time ** for an in- vestigation of the Subject ****. Sec- and: because the Postmaster General ** informed me that the contractors ** had offered to increase the speed ** to 30 days instead of 38 days at a less cost than that authorized in the join resolution. *** It has been determined *** that their bid *** proposes to per- form this service for a sum less by $49,000 than that authorized by the resolution. ****"

"To the Senators and House of Rep- resentatives. June 23, 186 0. Gentlemen:

It has been found Impractical to con- clude a contract for the transportation of the mails between our Atlantic and Pacific ports on the terms authorized by the 4th. section of an act ********

approved 15th. June, 1860. The Post- master General has offered the Califor- nia mails to several companies **** but they have all declined carrying them for the postages. ****. it should not be forgotten that, in consequence of the diversion of a large part of the letter mail to the overland route, the postages derived from the California service have been greatly reduced ****. The weight of these mails averaging 12 and 15 tons, semi-monthly renders it **** impossi- ble to forward them overland. I there- fore earnestly recommend that the act referred to be so modified **** to pro- vide for carrying the California mails at a rate which may be deemed rea- sonable and just ****"

Fourth Annual Message. Dec. 3, 1860.

"** The report of the Postmaster General details the circumstances under which Cornelius Vanderbilt, on my re- quest, agreed in the month of July last to carry the ocean mails between our Atlantic and Pacific coasts. Had he not thus acted the important intercommu- nication must have been suspended, at least for a season. The Postmaster General had no power to make him any other compensation than the postages on the mail matter which he might car- ry. ****. Mr. Vanderbilt, in a commend- able spirit was willing to rely upon the justice of Congress to make up the deficiency, and I therefore recommend that an appropriation may be granted for the purpose ****."

Buchanan, Veto. Jan. 20, 1861.

«**** j return *** to the house *** the bill entitled "An act for the relief of Hockaday and Leggit". This bill appropriates $59.76 *** for damages sustained by them in reduction of pay for carrying the mails on route No. 8911.

"Route 8911 from St. Joseph, Mo. by Fort Kearney, Nebraska Territory, and Fort Leavenworth, to Salt Lake City."

(Note). The contract was made April 1, 1858 to expire November 30, 1860 for weekly service. Postmaster General

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

13

reserved right to cut down service .to semi monthly, if one months extra pay on curtailed service was allowed. Presi- dent Buchanan referred it back to the House to settle whether it should be al- lowed since there were many similar cases pending.

Messages and Papers of the Presidents.

Vol. VI.

Abaraham Lincoln. Second Annual Message. Dec. 1, 1862.

«**** Notwithstanding the cessation of revenue from the so called seceded states during the last fiscal year, the increase of the correspondence of the loyal states has been sufficient to pro- duce a revenue during the same year of $8,299,820.90 being only $50,000 less than was derived from all the states of the union during the previous year. The Postmaster General has also opened a correspondence through the Department of State with foreign ports proposing a convention of postal representatives for the purpose of simplyfiing the rates of foreign postage and to expedite the for- eign mails. This proposition **** has been favorably entertained and agreed to by all ports from whom replies have been received. ****"

(Note. This convention represents the first attempt to form a Postal Union between the different nations.)

Third Annual Message. Dec. 8, 1863.

"**** The international conference of postal delegates from the principal countries of Europe and America, which was called at the suggestion of the Post- master General, met at Paris on the 11th of May last and concluded its de- liberations on the 8th. of June. The principles established by the conference as best adapted to facilitate postal inter- course between nations, and as the basis of future postal conventions inaugurate a general system of uniform internation- al charges at reduced rates of postage, and can not fail to produce beneficial results ****"

Andrew Johnson. Second Annual Mes- sage. Dec. 3, 1866.

"**** The postoffice department of Great Britain and our own have agreed upon a preliminary basis for a new pos- tal convention **** it contemplates a reduction of the international letter postage to one-half the existing rates; a reduction of postage with all other countries to and from which correspon- dence is transmitted in the British mail, or in closed mails through the United Kingdom; the establishment of uniform and reasonable charges for the sea and territorial transit of correspondence in closed mails ****"

Third Annual Message. Dec. 3, 1867.

"**** During the past year new postal conventions have been ratified and ex- changed with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Belgium, the Netherlands, Switzerland, The North German Union, Italy and the colonial government at Hong Kong, reducing very largely the rates of ocean and land postage to and from and within those countries ****"

Messages and Papers of the Presidents.

vol. vn.

Ulysses S. Grant. First Annual Mes- sage. Dec. 6, 1869.

"**■** Most Especially do I call your attention to his recommendation for the total abolition of the franking privilege, **** it re(juces the receipts for postal service from 25 to 30 per cent and large- ly increases the service to be performed. The method by which postage should be paid upon public matter is set forth fully in the report of the Postmaster General ****".

(Note: This was shortly before the Department stamps were issued.)

Second Annual Message. Dec. 5, 1870.

«**** with th6 adoptions of the recommendations therein, particularly those relating to a reform in the frank- ing privilege and the adoption of the

14

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

"correspondence cards" a self-sustaining postal system may speedily be looked for, and at no distant day a further re- duction of the rate of postage be at- tained ****"

Third Annual Message. Dec. 4, 1871.

"*■**•* The suggestion of the Post- master General **** are earnestly rec- ommended to your special attention. Especially do I recommend favorable consideration of the plan for uniting the telegraphic system of the United States with the postal system ****"

Fourth Annual Message. Dec. 2, 1872.

"**** The following are the only steamship lines now receiving subsidies for mail service **** The Pacific Mail Steamship Company ** for ** a monthly mail between San Francisco, Japan and China **** which will be increased for a semi monthly mail on and after Oct. 1, 1873. The United States and Brazil mail Steamship Company *** for a monthly mail between New York and Rio de Janerio, Brazil, and the Califor- nia, Oregon, and Mexican steamship company ** for ** a monthly mail be- tween San Francisco and Honolulu **" Your favorable consideration is respect- fully invited ** for the establishment, of post office savings banks ***"

Fifth Annual Message. Dec. 1, 1873.

"**** I invite *** the consideration of Congress *** for an extension of the free-delivery system in all cities having a population of not less than 10,000; for the prepayment of postage on news- papers and other printed matter of the second class; for a uniform postage and limit of weight on miscellaneous matter **** and especially do I urge favorable action by Congress **■** for the estab- lishment of United States postal savings depositories. Your attention is also again called to a consideration of the question of postal telegraphs ****"

Sixth Annual Message. Dec. 7, 1874.

gress was convened in Berne, Switzer- land in September last ** a convention for the establishment of an international postal union was agreed upon and sign- ed by the delegates of the countries represented, subject to the approval of the proper authorities of those coun- tries ****"

Seventh Annual Message. Dec. 7,

1875.

<<**** By ac(. 0f Congress approved March 3, 1875, almost any matter, whether properly mail matter or not, may be sent any distance through the mails, in packages not exceeding 4 pounds in weight, for the sum of 16 cents per pound **** I suggest that the law be so amended as to exclude from the mails merchandise of all description.

Rutherford B. Hays. Second Annual Message. Dec. 2, 1878.

"**** The International Postal Con- gress which met at Paris May 1, 1878, and continued in session until June 4 of the same year was composed of delegates from nearly all the civilized countries of the world. It adopted a new convention (to take the place of the treaty concluded at Berne October 9, 1874) which goes into effect on the 1st. of April 1879; between the coun- tries whose delegates have signed it. It was ratified and approved by and with the consent of the President, August 13, 1878 *•**• In its origin the Postal Union comprises twenty three countries, having a population of 350,000,000 people. On the 1st. of April next it will comprise forty three countries and colo- nies with a population of more than 650,000,000 people, and will soon by the accession of the few remaining coun- tries and colonies maintain organized postal services, constitute in fact as well as in name, as its new title indi- cates, a universal union, regulating upon a uniform basis of cheap postage rates, the postal intercourse between all civi- lized nations ***"

An international postal Con-

(To be continued.)

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

15

WANTS AND EXCHANGES.

RATES. — Per line including address single insertion, 6 cents. Standing notices, one year per line, 12 %c. Minimum charge "or yearly notice. 50c.

WANTED — Manuscript for articles of in- terest to our members written by members for publication in this journal. Address The Editor.

EXCHANGE — I take 1 to 1000 of a kind, and give single copies. The rate? that depends. Harry C. Bradley, Dorchester Center, Mass.

WANTED! Will buy or sen old United States and Confederate covers Will sell rare U. S. Local and Western Frank cov- ers and Cape Triangles. William F. Cor- nell. 710 Jefferson, Detroit, Mich. A.P.S. 3799.

WANTED — to send foreign stamps on approval to A. P. S. members. State choice. O. R. Bertram, 2300 East Ave., Austin. Texas. A. P. S. 4188.

EGYPT and SUDAN. My wholesale price list of these two countries will be sent to any dealer free on application. E. L. Angeloglous, P. O. Box 873, Cairo, Egypt.

CARRANZA — VILLA — ZAPATA — Mex.

Revolutionary postage stamps, 50 diff. 50c. 33 diff. used on original covers $1. Want lists filled. S. B. Hopkins, Loredo, Texas.

EOR SALE, unused British Honduras, singles, blocks, pairs. 20 per cent, off Catalogue prices. C. O. Taylor, 620 Mad- ison Ave., Elizabeth, N. J. A. P. S. 3717.

PRECANCELS. — I will pay cash for any precancelled stamps. Also have some fine approvals. Write me. C. W. Hennan, M. D., 6450 Drexel Ave., Chicago, 111.

REVENUES of all countries to exchange for same. Also postage to exchange.

Large variety. J. D. Bartlett, 313 Wy- oming St., El Paso. Texas.

tANADA, Postage, Revenutes, Entires, Coils, Panes, Plate numbers, and War Tax Mrs. Oughtred, 28 Lincoln Ave., Montreal, Que., Canada.

BUYING COLLECTIONS and odd lots leaves many good duplicates which are sold at low prices or exchanged with re- liable collectors, those in the West pre- ferred. Send only high class stamps for exchange. Edwin Caswell, 301 MaKay Bldg., Portland, Oregon, A. P. S. 2764.

ATTENTION! I have some very good stamps to send out on approval at 50% and 75% discount. Why not try them and be convinced? W. J. Zink, 4607 Denison Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. A.P.S. 492o.

WANTED. — 19th Century U. S. Offer in exchange good foreign mostly 20th Cen- tury, Basis, Scotts 1917, some war sur- charges. Address Wim. Schwarzwaelder, 11 Euclid Ave., Maplewood, N. J., A. P. S. 4538.

WANTED. — Correspondents in New York City and Washington to write monthly letter for American Philatelist. Address the Editor.

EXCHANGE. — What have you for 15 Vols. Mekeel's Weekly Stamp News? Also have $1500 worth of duplicates to ex- change for stamps not in my general col- lection. W. O. Staab, 1099 Fratney St., Milwaukee, Wis.

WANTED. — Stamps of old German Sta- tes used only and in fine condition. Sub- mit stamps with lowest offer for cash by return mail. Chas. Lange, P. O. Box 18, Cincinnati, Ohio.

The Protective Bulletin. — The only paper of its kind in the world, publishing news of frauds, dead-beats, fakes and forgeries, running in addition to this an article call- ed "The Market" which may save many dollars and is alone worth the price of subscription. Four pages of solid reading.

Subscription accepted from responsible and recognized men of the trade only, and same will be refunded if the Bulletin is not absolutely ■ satisfactory in every way.

25c per year. Thrift Stamp Accepted.

The Bulletin, 2135 Porter. St., Phila., Pa.

WANTED — Current 3 cent plate numbers 7266 and up. Top singles preferred, but bottom Nos. taken. No. 8370 in pair or block, also 8375 left side No. in block. H. M. Southgate, Chevy Chase, Md.

WANTED: — *New Zealand, agency for cheap foreign packets, 3d to 5sh each. Snd samples and agency terms to Wilcox Smith & Co., Du,nedin, New Zealand.

16

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

Collection

OF 750 STAMPS OF THE COUNTRIES AT WAR- IN EUROPE — AND THEIR ALLIES, NO AMERICA INCLUDED. Catalogued from $30 to $35. PRICE $5.00

WM. LLOYD, 606 Royal St.

New Orleans, La.

OUR OCT. SALE. Will contain another splendid lot U. S. & For- eign inc. singles, sets, combination lots, collec- tions, wholesale, etc. WE PAY MORE TH.W ANYONE FOR REALLY FINE COLLECTIONS.

M. OHLMAN, 75-77 Nassau St.- N. V. C

/> SEND/" IMPRESSION SHEET fc->v

hlK0* up-Ready for lminf^T^ m* ENTIRELY./ ma. Nic«ei^

aA. MICHEL P. a Box 293 Ncwark.NewJersey

&2/t jooo/rrfflcrfr srrus atff/iicfs. lASTAt'U-r/fit

I.P.C. 153 N.P.S. 865.

A.P.S. 5117 S.P.A. 2462 M.P.A. 1214

WARREN H. COLSON

Offers one of the largest and most comprehensive stocks held by any profes- sional in America, and he will be pleased to enter into correspondence with all

SERIOUS COLLECTORS

Thousands of varieties from a few cents up to the very greatest rarities constant ly on view; but throughout this stock — without exception the CHOICEST in America —there is but ONE quality — the very best.

Here, the collector, following almost any line of philatelic endeavor, will find many pieces that are not only beautiful but, as well, unusual, to delight and satisfy the philatelic craving.

Likewise Mr. Colson is a liberal buyer — at all times— of single rare stamps, rare stamps on letters, and collections. His activities, however, are limited to the field ante-dating 1900.

He is particularly interested in the Postmaster's Stamps of the United States; the issues of the Confederate States; Carrier Stamps and Locals, and offers quite the best avenue for the sale or purchase of any such in the world.

Offers of the old classic issues, such as early Mauritius, New South Wales (re- quired for plating), British Guiana (all Issues), Switzerland, Hawaii, Dominiean Re- public, type-set issues only, and so forth, are also cordially solicited.

Postage Stamps for Advanced Collectors.

184 BOYLSTON ST., BOSTON, MASS., U. S. A.

Cable Address— "Warcolson," Boston. Telephone— "Back Bay 3502."

AMERICAN PHILATELIC SOCIETY

BOARD OF DIRECTORS.

President — J. W. Scott, 120 W. 49th Street, New York City. N. T. Board of Vice-Presidents — P. S. Parmelee, Chairman, 210 First

Natl. Bank Bldg., Omaha, Neb.; H. A. Whipple, Recorder,

Omaha, Neb.; Dr. W. P. Wherry, 603 Brandies Theatre

Bldg-., Omaha, Neb. Secretary — Dr. H. A. Davis, 11 Hamilton Apts., Denver, Colo. Treasurer — J. E. Scott, 238 Lincoln Ave., Detroit, Mich. Iuteriiatioiiul Secretary — L. Harald Kjellstedt, 1026 Woodlawn

Ave., Scranton, Pa. Directors-at-Large — H. B. Phillips, Berkeley, Calif.; Alvin Good, Cleveland, Ohio.

APPOINTIVE OFFICERS.

Sales Supt.— P. M. Wolsieffer, 21 S. 17th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Examiner of Sales Books — A. F. Henkels, Philadelphia, Pa. Editor of American Philatelist — Joseph B. Leavy, 3600 Thir- teenth St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Librarian — John H. Leete, Pittsburgh, Pa Assistant Librarian — Adam B. Daum, 421 Wood St., Pittsburgh,

Attorney— Fred. R. Schmalzriedt, 938 Majestic Bldg., Detroit, Mich.

Counterfeit Detector — Eugene Klein, 1318 Chestnut St., Phila- delphia, Pa.

COMMITTEES.

Expert — John N. Luff, John A. Klemann, J. C. Morgenthau. Philatelic Literature — Wm. R. Ricketts, H. E. Deats, W. R.

King. Philatelic Index — Wm. R. Ricketts, Clifford W. Kissinger, C A.

Howes. Obituary — Julian Park, Rev. L. G. Dorpat, F. H Burt Catalogue— A. E Owen, W. B. Sprague, Dr. Carroll' Chase, J.

N. Luff, Geo. H. Worthington, J. M. Bartels, C. K B Nevin

W. L. Stevenson. Hand Book — Wm. C. Stone, Chairman; Wm. E. Ault

J)f'ffFe

18

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

A NEW

U. S.

INVERT.

24c carmine and blue with inverted airplane in center. A

few of the remaining copies of the only sheet found for sale. Price on application.

Collections of United States, Twentieth Century and War Stamps will be incomplete without this great rarity.

EUGENE KLEIN

1318 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, Penna.

Cable Address: Kleinstamp

U.S. WANTED

There is a greater damaud for good United States stamps in fine condition, by members participating in tUe Sales Department, than supply.

If you can make up some good hooks, particularly early issues, they will re- ceive immediate circulation over Special U. S. Circuits.

The Department also requires more good books of 20th Century stamps. Blank Sales Books to hold 120 stamps furnished by the Superintendent at 5c each.

P. M. WOLSIEFFER

SALES SUPT. 21 S. 17th St. PHILA., PA.

Efficient New Issue Service

32 page New Issue Catalogue Free.

AUCTIONS MONEY LOANED ON STAMPS

Stamp Collections, Dealer's Stock, &c

U. S. Premium Coin Book, 10 cents. Entire Collections Purchased.

Approval selections on request.

A very large stock of both Stamps and Coins always on hand. [H

FRED MICHAEL

937 Madison St., Chicago, 111.

P. M. WOLSIEFFER

SOLE OWNER

Philadelphia Stamp Co.

21 S. 17th St., PHILA., PA.

Stamp Auction Specialist, holding Public Stamp Auction Sales continu- ously since 1893. If you do not re- ceive these explicit catalogues better

GET ON OUR MAILING LIST.

Sveriges Filatelist-Forening

(The Philatelic Society of Sweden)

Founded September 18, 1886. Proprietor and Publisher of Svensk Pilatelistisk Tidskrift. STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN. Honorary Members: The Crown Prince of Sweden and H. M. The King of Eng- land

1500 members of legal age. Ex- cellent Sales Department with insurance against all losses. Membership of the A. P. S. accepted as satisfactory refer- ence. No entrance fee. Yearly dues $1.35 American Representative.

L. HARALD KJELLSTEDT, C. K. SCRANTON, PA.

SUBSCRIBE

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The Stamp Herald

Official Organ of The Southern Phil- atelic Association; The International Precancel Club; The Lincoln-Harrison Stamp Club; Junior American Phila- telic Society; The U. S. Revenue So- ciety; The American Academy of Phil- atelic Literature.

PRECANCEL CATALOGS.

Part I, U. S. Catalog 25c

Part II, U. S. Catalog 25c

Part III, U. S. Catalog 25c

Canadian Catalog, complete . . . .15c

S. P. A. 1918 YEAR BOOK.

A few copies for those who do not belong at the regular price, post- free 50c

B. GORDON BUSHNELL, Publisher

2644 Northwestern Ave. INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST

Official Journal of the American Philatelic Society

Vol. XXXII

NOVEMBER, 1, 1918.

No. 2

ROLL OF HONOR.

It is desired to list every member connected with any service branches of the Army and Navy and you are asked to send your name and rank to the Editor for inclusion in this list. The co-operation of all members is also asked in order to have this list complete. The list is intended to include both officers and enlisted members.

Additions to the list since last United States Army (all branches.) BABCOCK, LT. COL. WARREN L., M.

D., 6th Regt. Coast Artillery, Am.

Ex. Forces. BANDHOLTZ, BRIG. GEN. HARRY H. *BELTZER, CAPT. C. E., Infirmary

#11, 166 Depot Brigade, Camp

Lewis, Wash. *BLUMENTHAL, SERGT. PHILIP L.,

Chemical Warefare Service. BURTON, CAPT. KENNETH, 364th

Infantry. CARTWRIGHT, CAPT. BRUCE, Jr., Q.

M. C. COLlBiURN, CAPT. WM. B., Co. E.

337 Infantry. COSBY, COL. SPENCER, 5th Engineers. *CRABBS, LEO B., Central Field Artil- lery Officers' Training School,

Camp Zachery Taylor, Ky. CRITTENDEN, CAPT. JAMES L.,

Coast Artillery. DE HOSTOS, CAPT. EUGENIO C, P. R.

Infantry. DIEMER, MAJOR HUGO, Ordnance

Dept. DRAKE, MAJOR J. FRANK, Ordinance

Dept. FARNHAM, LT. FRED E. FEASEL, ALVIN, 148th U. S. Inf.

Supply Co., 37th Div. FUSS, EDWIN W., Co. I., M. P., 78th

Div. *GODCHARLES, CAPT. FREDERIC,

Ordanance. GRAHN, HENRY V., Co. 18 Coast

Artillery. HAMILTON, REV. A. W., (Branch un- known).

corrections are marked with a *.

HAMILTON, MAJOR CHAS. S., 11th In- fantry.

HAMILTON, CAPT. WILLIAM A., 7th Co. Coast Artillery.

*HAMMATT, D. C, 14th Training Bat- tery, Camp Zachary Taylor, Ky.

HENN, CAPT. RALPH F., Ordanance Department.

HEYMAN, LT. LAURENCE J., 336th Infantry.

HOLT, MAJOR JOHN M., M. D.

HOPKINS, ROBERT E., 25th Engi- neers.

HYDE, LT. COL. ARTHUR P. S., Coast Artillery Corps.

IRELAND, 1st LT. GORDON, Signal Corps.

* JOHNSON, DR. G. H. (Branch un- known).

KNAUER, FIRST LT. J. GLEN, 312th Field Artillery. LAFEAN, EARLE B., (Branch un- known.)

LaMOTTE, CAPT. CLARENCE K., In- fantry.

LAURITZEN, HARRY, Battery D, 346th F. A.

*LEONARD, CLIFFORD S., Sanitary Corps.

LEISTE/R, LT. G. M., Co. L„ 59th In- fantry. LEWY, CAPT. H. M., Motor Transport Corps.

LOPEZ, CAPT. PASCUAL, Porto Rico Infantry.

MARTIN, DONALD W., Q. R. M. C.

MASSON, THOS. L., (Branch un- known.

20

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

MERILLAT, CAPT. LOUIS A., Jr., In- fantry.

MILLS, MAJOR WILLIS E., 4th Ma- chine Gun Bn., 2nd Div., Am. Ex. Forces.

MITCHELL, CAPT. WALTON I., M. D., 5th Infantry.

MORRISON, CHARLES R., Co. C. 122d Field Artillery.

*MORSE, CHAS. R., (Branch unknown)

* MOWER, R. H., Chemical Warefare Service.

OSSEGE, WALTER J., 3rd Co. 1st Tr. Bn., 158th Depot Brigade, Camp Sherman, Ohio.

PALMER, MAJOR FREDERICK L, re- tired.

*PALLETTE, CAPT. EDW. M., M. C, U. S. A.

PARKER, LT. COL., Infantry.

PARTELLO, COL. JOSEPH M. T., re- tired.

PETERS. MAJOR DON PRESTON, M. D.

POLLAR, CORPL. ROWLAND P., Co. I, 57th Pioneer Infantry, A. E. F. PRESTON, CAPT. HARRY L., 22nd Engineers.

RITTER, KARL, 3rd Co., 10th Inf.

ROBB, WM. 364 Ambulance Co., 316 Sanitary Train, A. E. F. ROSE A., 829th Aero Squadron.

ROTH, JEROME R., Battery E., 20th F. A.

*SEMMES, THOS. JR., Co. C. U. S. Training Station, University, Va.

SHIRCLIFiFE, LT. ARNOLD, 1st Ohio Infantry.

SLUSSER, MASTER ELECTRICIAN, WALTER F., Coast Artillery, N. A.

STANGEBY, 1st LT. T. L, Dental R. C.

STARK, CAPT. ORA E., Q. M. C.

STUCK, OLIVER J., 31st Div. 123 Am- bulance Co. 106 Sanitary Train, A. E. F.

UNDERWOOD, CAPT. ARTHUR R., 64th Infantry.

URFF, CORP. PAUL J., Jr., Co. H, 30 6th Infantry.

VAWTER, LT. WM. S., 304 Stevefore Training Reg., Camp Alexander, Va.

WAGNER, ROBERT J., Co. S. 333d Infantry.

WEINGART, 1st LT. WILLIAM, M. D.

WEISSHEIMER, CAPT. J. WARREN, 5 6th Infantry.

WETHERELL, D. E., Bat. F., 4th Field Artillery. M. C.

WHEAT, MAJOR A. F., M. D.

WHEATuN, LT. COL. FRANCIS B., Q. M. C.

WOODHOUSE, 1st LT. S. W.

WORRILOW, COL. ULYSSES G., In- fantry.

*ZIEGELE, SERGT. WM. J., U. S. Field Artillery.

United States Navy.

EISENDRATH, RICHARD R., Naval Reserves.

FERGUSON, ENSIGN W. F., U. S. S. Indiana.

GREEN, DICK, 132nd Co., 11th Regt.

HILEMAN, COMMANDER JOSEPH S.

HOOGHKIRK, ROBERT C, Naval Re- serves.

JUKES, ENSIGN E. W., Aide, 4th Na- val District.

JUNGWIRTH, JOHN, Naval Reserve.

PUGSLEY, FREDERIC N., Assistant Surgeon, Naval Reserve.

RYALL, ENSIGN GEO. D., U. S. N. R. F.

THEAMANN, CHARLES M.

WIGGINS, JOSEPH G., Naval Reserve.

WINTERHALTER, REAR-ADMIRAL A. G.

Reserve Officers' Training Camps.

CARPENTER, A. EVERLY, Student. HUTCHINS, FERNALD, Student. MORSE, CHAS. R., Student.

French Army.

CHASE, MAJOR CARROLL, M. D. GIBSON, HENRY C.

British Army.

CLARKE, SAPPER EDWARD I., En- gineers Training Depot, (Canada).

*GERENIMAKIS, C. S., British Egyp- tion Forces at Selowika.

EVANS, MAJOR E. B., Royal Artillery.

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

21

GILBERT-LODGE, LT. E. M., Royal

Engineers. HERDMAN, SERGEANT MAJOR N.,

Seaforth Highlanders. REID, LT. COL. JOHN Y., C. E. F. WURTELE, LT. COL. ERNEST F.,

Canadian Militia.

The Philadelphia Branch Prize.

Philadelphia Branch #18 offers a $5.00 gold piece to the member obtain- ing the largest number of new members during the fiscal year 1918-19.

What the First Issue of United States Postage Stamps

Teaches.

JOSEPH B. LEAVY.

Postage stamps as a medium for the prepayment of charges for the delivery of mail matter were first inaugurated in England in 1840, and almost imme- diately prooved successful conservers of time and labor in the handling of the mails. It must not be thought that be- cause the United States Government did not issue postage stamps until 1847 that the authorities were somnolent, on the contrary, the postal administration was very much alive to the advantages of postage stamps. As early as 184 0 Post- master General John M. Niles, who had signalized his administration by many reforms, advocated the adoption of post- age stamps, but his suggestion was ridi- culed by congress and Mr. Niles soon after retired.

An act of congress, dated March 3, 184 5, reduced the rate of letter postage within the United States to 5 cents for any distance under 300 miles, and 10 cents for any distance over 300 miles, for a single letter, double letters to pay double rates, etc. A single letter was a single sheet of paper a double letter two sheets of paper, and so on.

Postmaster General Cave Johnson, who took office in March, 1845, was also a believer in the efficiency of the postage stamp, and not only permitted, but encouraged, the postmasters of sev- eral of the large cities to issue stamps for local delivery, thereby greatly ex- ceeding the authority of his office. The general business demand for the use of postage stamps for the delivery of mail throughout the country became so in-

sistant that congress was obliged to recognize it, and passed an act which was in part as follows:

"STATUTES OF THE UNITED STA- TES, XXIX Congress Session II. Chap- ter LXIII, Section 1, approved March 3rd, 1847. An act to establish certain Post Roads and for other purposes.

*** and be it further enacted, that to facilitate the transportation of letters by mail, the Postmaster General be author- ized to prepare postage stamps, which, when attached to any letter or package, shall be evidence of the prepayment of the postage chargeable on such letter, which said stamps the Postmaster Gen- eral may deliver to any deputy post- master who may apply for the same, *** but it shall not be lawful for any deputy postmasters, to prepare, use, or dispose of any postage stamps not authorized by and received from the Postmaster General. And any person who shall falsely and fraudulently make, alter or forge any postage stamps with intent to defraud the Post Office Depart- ment, shall be deemed guilty of a felony ***'"

This act went into effect July 1st, 1847.

The contract for the manufacture of the stamps was made between the Post- master General, Cave Johnson, and the firm of Rawdom, Wright, Hatch & Ed- son of New York City, which firm had offices on the top floor of a building at the corner of William and Wall Streets. There can be no doubt but what they were awarded the contract on account

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of their prominence and excellent work in printing bank notes, and their ex- perience in producing the New York Postmaster's Provisional stamps. No details of this contract have ever been found.

The official descriptions of the stamps are as follows:

FIVE CENTS. Portrait of Franklin, after painting by John B. Longacre, three-quarters face, looking to the left, on an oval disc with dark background, white neckerchief and fur collar to coat, the whole surrounded with a faintly engraved wreath of leaves, on which, in the two upper corners, are the letters "U" and "S", and in each of the two lower corners a large figure "5". In a curved line around the upper portion of the medallion are the words "POST OFFICE", and around the low- er part the words "FIVE CENTS". A border of fine straight lines goes around the entire stamp. Color, light brown.

TEN CENTS. Portrait of Washing- ton, from Stuart's painting, three-quar- ters face, looking to the right, on an oval disc with dark background, with white neckerchief and black coat, faint wreath of leaves around all, on which in the upper corners, are the letters "U" and "S", and in each of the lower corners, a large Roman numeral "X". In a curved line around the upper and lower parts of the medallion, as in the case of the 5 cents stamp, are the words "POST OFFICE" and "TEN CENTS". Color, black. A border of fine lines goes around the whole stamp.

Benjamin Franklin, statesman and philosopher, was born in Boston, Massa- chusetts, January 17, 1706, and died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April 17, 1790. His father, Josiah Franklin, was born in Branbury, Oxfordshire, Eng- land, and formed one of a small party of Puritans which emigrated to New England in 1682 on account of the reli- gious persecutions of the reign of Char- les II. Benjamin was Josiah's youngest son by a second marriage, for five gen- erations his ancestors had been youngest sons of youngest sons.

In 1737 Franklin was made postmas- ter of Philadelphia, and under his skil- ful management the town became the center of the whole postal system of the colonies, so that in 1753 he was made deputy postmaster-general, under the crown, for the continent, holding the office until January 1774, when he was summarily dismissed on account of his connection with the celebrated affair of the "Hutchinson Letters". Franklin's career is too much a part of the history of the later years of tne colonies and of the early life of the young Republic of the United States of America to need comment in this arti- cle. "His abilities were so vast and so various, he touched human life at so many points, that it would require an elaborate essay to characterize him properly. He was at once philosopher, stateman, diplomatist, scientific discov- erer, inventor, philanthropist, moralist, and wit, while as a writer of English he was surpassed by few men of his time. History presents few examples of a career starting from such humble beginnings and attaining to such great and enduring splendor. The career of a Napoleon, in comparison, seems vul- gar and trivial."

Franklin is in many respects the greatest of Americans, and one of the greatest men whose names are recorded in history. It was but a just tribute to his fame that his portrait should have been selected to adorn the lower denom- ination of the first series of postage stamps issued by this nation as it was due to his executive ability and fine sense of organization that our present great postal system was first successful- ly established. Benjamin Franklin was the first Postmaster General of the Unit- ed States of America, and the system he established endures to-day without changes other than those required to meet increased demands.

There is no biographical mention any- where of "John B. Longacre", whose name is given in the official description as the painter of the portrait of Frank- lin, and there can be no doubt but what the official description was in error and

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should have stated James B. Longacre, as James Barton Longacre was an artist of no mean ability and unusual versa- tility, as he was one of the famous en- gravers and the preeminent medallist of that time. He was born in Delaware Co., Pennsylvania, on August 11, 1794, a descendent of an early Swedish colonist on the Delaware, whose name was ori- ginally Longker. Between 1819 and 1831, Longacre illustrated some of the best works published in this country. With James Herring of New York, and afterwards alone, he issued the "Na- tional Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Americans" in which many of the en- gravings were from sketches by his own pencil. The first plate in the second volume is the portrait of Franklin, and beneath it is enscribed "Eng'd by R. W. Dodson from a Painting by' J. B. Long- acre after an Original Miniature in the possession of W. J. Duane E-sq're." From 1844 until his death, which oc- cured in Philadelphia on January 1, 18 69, Longacre was the chief engraver to the United States Mint and designed all the coins that were struck during that time, including the double eagle, the three dollar piece, the gold dollar, and the one cent Indian head, only re- cently superceeded.

The Life work of George Washington is too well known to every school child to need mention here. It was but fit- ting that as the "Father of the Country" and the first President of the United States his portrait should be selected for the higher denomination of the first series of two postage stamps. Of the artist who executed the portrait we venture to write at length, as he was without doubt the greatest of all Ameri- can portrait painters of all times, and his biography offers much that is not generally known.

Gilbert Stuart was born in Narragan- sett, Rhode Island, on December 3, 1755. The name Charles was given him by his father, an ardent Jacobite, but Stuart dropped it, assuming that of Gil- bert. He attempted portraiture when but a mere lad, and produced several good likenesses, two of which, portraits

of Mr. and Mrs. John Bannister, are now in the Redwood Library, Newport, Rhode Island.

Stuart jhad no regular (instruction until he became a pupil of Cosmos Alexander in 1770. Alexander returned to Scotland, the land of his nativity, in 1772, taking his young pupil with him, unfortunately, soon after arriving in Edinburgh, Alexander died, leaving his protege in charge of Sir George Cham- bers, who, shortly after, also died, and- Stuart was thrown on his own resources. It is said that he worked his passage home on a "Collier bound to Nova Scotia." Arriving in this country, after an absence of two years, he established a small portrait studio in Newport, but soon realized that to gain a complete knowledge of his art he must study more thoroughly under a competant master, and in the spring of 1775 em- barked for London with the avowed intention of studying under his famous countryman Benjamin West. He spent three years in London, however, suffer- ing much at times from poverty, before he summoned sufficient courage to pre- sent himself to West, the latter receiv- ed him kindly, making him a member of his household and assisting him great- ly with valuable instruction. Stuart's earnings, however, were scanty, and he was compelled to eke out his existence by acting as organist in a church, for which he received the munificent salary of 30 pounds a year. After several years upon the advise of West, he opened a studio of his own, attention having been attracted to him by his portrait of W. Grant, of Concalton, when it was ex- hibited at Somerset House. He soon became a fashionable portrait painter, and in 1788, on an invitation from the Duke of Rutland went to Dublin, where many noblemen and people of wealth and fashion sat to him.

Stuart returned to the United States in 1792, and after two years spent in New York, where he painted numerous portraits, notably those of Sir John Temple, John Jay, and General Mathew Clarkson, went to Philadelphia, in 1794, with a letter to George Washington from

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John Jay, so the long cherished ambi- tion to paint the portrait of Washing- ton was about to be fulfilled.

Stuart was not satisfied with his first attempt at a portrait of Washington, and it is believed that he destroyed the portrait. It was followed by a full- length picture executed on a commission from the Marquis of Lansdown. Then came the famous head now known as the "Athenaeum portrait" and accepted as the best likeness of Washington. Stuart offered it to the State of Massa- chusetts for $1000, but it was not ac- cepted. His widow sold it, with a com- panion portrait of Martha Washington, for $15 00. It now belongs to the Bos- ton Museum of Fine Arts.

Stuart moved to Washington shortly after the founding of that city and its establishment as the Cauitol of the Na- tion, living there for three years, during which time he was intimately associated with the most eminent men of the coun- try. In 18 05 he removed to Boston, continuing to ply his prolific artistic brush there without signs of failing health until 1825, when his left arm showed symptoms of paralysis, however, the gout, which had caused him severe suffering at times, soon attacked his chest and stomach, and after suffering acutely for three months, Stuart died, on July 27, 1828. He possessed the true artistic temperament, which had fre- quently brought him into trouble by reckless expenditures, and at his death left his family quite destitute.

Stuart was a great social favorite, a brilliant conversationalist and recon- teur, which talents he used to a remark- able extent upon h:.s sitters, banishing all restraint, so as to call forth, if pos- sible, some involuntary traits of the natural character. This it was which enabled him to animate his portraits, not with the appearance of a mere gen- eral life, ,but with that peculiar distinc- tive life, which separates the humblest individual from his kind. He had a remarkable eye for color, and was a master in the rendering of flesh, in painting which it was his practice to lay the pure colors directly on the canvas

and then drag them together by a large brush.

Stuart during his career probably pro- duced more portraits than any other artist — how many has never been ascer- tained with certainty. The catalogue of an exhibit of his works, held in Boston in 1880, contained 754 numbers, the most important of which, besides those already mentioned, being Thomas Jeffer- son, Mr. and Mrs. James Madison, Mr. and Mrs. John Quincy Adams, John Adams, Josiah Quincy, Gen. Henry Lee, John Trumbull, and John Jacob Astor. Most of his portraits are in the posses- sion of private individuals, but examples are owned by The Pennsylvania Acade- my of Pine Arts, The New York Public Library, The New York Historical So- ciety, The Boston Museum of Pine Arts, The Maryland Historical Society, and Harvard University.

No record has ever been found of the name of e.ther the designer or engraver of these postage stamps. Two members of the firm of contracting manufacturers, Geore W. Hatch and Freeman Rawdon, are known to have been expert engravers and designers, as their names appear in those capaci- ties on several different bank notes manufactured by Rawdon, Wright, Hatch & Edson, therefore, it is very pos- sible that one, or both, were the de- signers and engravers of the stamps. Then again, as it is claimed that James Barton Longacre, the artist of the Franklin portrait, was a member of the firm of Drapper, Toppan, Longacre & Co. of Philadelphia and New York, bank note engravers, it is possible that Long- acre engraved the dies for the stamps. Bank notes were manufactured by both, Rawdon. Wright, Hatch & Edson, and Drapper, Toppan, Longacre & Co., bear- ing portraits of Franklin and of Wash- ington, which were identical, line for line, with the portraits on the stamps. It seems a fair assumption that Long- acre engraved both portrait dies, and that his firm sold secondly dies of these portraits to Rawdon, Wright, Hatch & Edson for use in the manufacture of bank notes, that either Rawdon or

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Hatch was the designer and engraver of the stamp dies, using a cut down trans- fer of the Longacre portrait dies for the medallions of the designs.

Printing plates for line engraved stamps are manufactured in the follow- ing manner.

The design is engraved in recess, on a small flat piece of soft steel known as the die, when the design is fully engrav- ed the die is hardened. A disc of soft steel, about an inch thick, is then rocked over the face of the hardened die, under very heavy pressure, the soft steel being forced into the sunken lines of the die so that the design is produced upon the rim of the soft steel disc, but in relief, the disc is known as the transfer roll, and in its turn is hardened. A large flat plate of soft steel is faintly ruled for as many stamps as it is desired to print in one sheet, the transr roll is rocked over the ruled spaces, one at a time, under heavy pressure, the harden- ed steel cutting into the soft Bteel and reproducing the design, in recess, as upon the die. The soft steel displaced by the forcing in of the transfer forms little ridges or "burrs" around the edges of the design, which have to be smooth- ed away, the faintly ruled guide lines are burnished out, and the plate made ready for printing by being, in its turn hardened.

The plates of each denomination of the 1847 issue were of 100 subjects, the issue was demonetized, in 1851, upon the appearance of a new issue, and the dies and plates from which the stamps were printed were destroyed, as the following certificate attests.

New York, Dec. 12, 1851.

Have this day destroyed dies of the 5 and 10 cent stamps, also the plates of same.

1 5c stamp plate, 100 on, 1847 issue.

1 10c stamp plate, 100 on 1847 issue. Rawdon, Wright, Hatch & Edson. Witness

Wm. Brady, P. M., N. Y.

John Moor.

G. W. Johnson.

These stamps were printed upon thin,

wove, machine-made, bluish paper. Similar paper was in general use at the time for letter sheets on which almost all correspondence was written, enve- lopes not having come into general use at the time. The paper was intentional- ly tinted by the use of ultramarine pig- ment in the manufacture, the ultrama- rine of the time being made from lapis lazuli.

Rawdon, Wright, Hatch & Edson printed and delivered to the Postmaster General the following quantities of these stamps. June 3, 1847, 600000 5 cents, 200000

10 cents. March 15, 1848, 800000 5 cents 250000

10 cents. March 20, 1849 1000000 5 cents 300-

0 00 10 cents. Feb. 5, 1850 1000000 5 cents 300000

10 cents. Dec. 9, 1850 1000000 5 cents. Total 4400000 5 cents 1050000 10 cents.

Of the above quantities there were sold to the public by postmasters throughout the country, 3,589,900 5 cents and 863,800 10 cents stamps, the balance remaining on hand of each de- nomination being destroyed after they were demonetized in 1851.

The Post Office Department desired to exhibit complete sets of the Govern- ment postal issues at the Centennial Exhibition held in Philadelphia in 1876. For this purpose, and also to sell to the public, reprints were made from the original plates, or from new plates made with the aid of the original dies or transfer rolls, of such issues as were not current.

Rawdan, Wright, Hatch & Edson had destroyed the original dies and plates of the 1847 issue, so that the Post Office Department was obliged to have new dies engraved, by the Bureau of Engrav- ing and Printing, and to have manufac- tured therefrom new transfer rolls and plates. Thus in reality making govern- ment imitations of the 1847 issue. The engraver who made the new dies did rather a poor piece of work, and the imitations are easily told.

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CONFEDERATE STATE POSTAL AFFAIRS.

Paper read before the Springfield Stamp Club by William C. Stone.

This is not a scientific essay on the stamps of the Confederacy but simply a description of postal matters during the southern rebellion with brief mention of the various stamps issued. Extreme specialists will find nothing here to in- terest them, it is for ordinary collectors only.

With the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, in November 1860, the long controversy between the slavery and anti slavery parties in the nation came to a head. South Carolina, claiming the right to withdraw from the union of the states, passed an ordinance of secession Decem- ber 20, 1860. This action was followed :'n 1861 by the states of Mississippi, January 9; Florida, January 10; Ala- bama, January 11; Georgia, January 19; Louisiana, January 26; and a pro- visional congress was called to meet at Montgomery, Alabama. This body met February 4, 1861, and adopted a pro- visional constitution four day^ later which went into effect at once and which was signed, on March 2, by delegates from Texas, that state having seceeded since the call for the Congress was is- sued. Section 6 paragraph 7, of this con- stitution provided; "That the Congress shall have power: — To establish post offices and post roads."

On February 9, 1861, Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, was elected President of the new nation, and Alexander H. Steph- ens, of Georgia, Vice President.

On March 11, 1861, a permanent con- stitution was adopted, modelled in gen- eral after that of the United States, but providing for a six year presidental term and prohibiting the slave trade. The new constitution, Article 1, Section 8, reads in part as follows: —

"The Congress shall have power:

7. To establish post offices and post routes: but the expenses of the post office department after the first day of

March in the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and sixty three, shall be paid out of its own revenues."

On March 6, 1861, President Jefferson Davis appointed John H. Reagan, of Texas, as Postmaster General, having previously offered the position to Henry T. Ellett and Writ Adams, both former United States Congressmen from Miss- issippi. Mr. Reagan was a native of Tennessee but removed to Texas when twenty one years of age. He took an active part in the political affairs of the Lone Star republic and after its annexa- tion to the United States represented the state in Congress, his term expired only two days previous to his appoint- ment as Postmaster General, which office he filled throughout the entire duration of the Confederacy. He also served as acting Secretary of the Treasury, during its last days, owing to the ill health of Secretary Tremholm. He accompan- ied Jefferson Davis and his party when they fled south after the fall of Rich- mond, and was taken prisoner with them on May 10, 1865, and after a brief imprisonment, in Fort Warren, was released and retired to his home in Palestine, Texas. His disabilities hav- ing been removed he was elected to Con- gress in 1875, and in 1887 was promoted to the Senate, where he served until June 1891, resigning to accept the chairmanship of the Railroad Commis- sion of Texas. During the Congression- al service he was for eight years chair- man of the Committee on Commerce and was largely instrumental in secur- ing the passage of the Interstate Com- merce act. He retired to private life after serving on the Railroad Committee for eleven and a half years, and died March 6, 1905, at the age of 86 years.

Upon assuming office Mr. Reagan at once determined to get in touch with men of southern birth who held im- portant positions in the Federal postal service and attempt to secure their services to organize that department of

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27

the Confederacy. Accordingly H. P. Brewster, son in law of Senator Ches- nut of South Carolina, was sent to Washington, and succeeded in persuad- ing H., St. George Offutt, Benjamin Clements, Joseph H. Lewis, Captain Schwartzman of the Dead Letter Office, and others, to throw in their lot with the new nation. They brought With them samples of the blanks used by the department and copies of maps and official reports, etc., which were of great help in building up the new de- partment. A school was organized in which the prospective officers and clerks were given instructions in their new duties. The necessary books for the use of the department were soon pre- pared, and appointment books made up containing the names of all the post- masters in the states of the Confeder- acy, the receipts of the several offices, and the salaries. Books were also pre- pared for the Contract office showing all the mail routes with the names of the "ontractors and the contract price, to- gether with similar information regard- ing the contracts with railway and steamboat companies. Contracts for mail bags, postal blanks, paper, sealing wax, cancelling stamps, locks, keys, and postage stamps, were soon after award- ed. Consequently when President Davis called an extra session of Congress, early in May 1861, he was surprised to find that tne department was practical- ly equipped for taking over the work from the Federal officials who had re- tained control up to that time.

On May 13, I86i, Postmaster General Reagen announced that on June 1st he would assume control of the department, and instructed postmasters and others to close up their accounts on May 31, and to return all postal receipts, postage stamps, stamped envelopes, and other postal property, to Washington, that they might receive proper credits for the same. Notice was also given that until supplies of postage stamps and stamped envelopes were received all postage must be paid in money, under the provision of an act of Congress which had been passed March 1, 1861.

Judge Reagen in his "Memoirs" calls attention to the fact that Postmaster General Montgomery Blair issued an order suspending the United States pos- tal service in the secceeded states from and after June 1st., and suggests that it was done so that there might be no clash in the service, or disputes, in case the South was successful. The chief officers of the department aside from Judge Reagan were the following:

Chief Clerk, W. D. Miller, of Texas.

Chief of the Contract Bureau, H. St. George Offutt, of Virginia.

Chief of the Finance Bureau, J. L. Harrell, of Alabama.

Chief of the Appointment Bureau, B. N. Clements, of Tennssee.

Auditor, Boiling Baker.

The seal of the department was of the following design: Four horse stage in foreground, with steamboat in the distance, seven stars at top; surrounded by the inscription "Confederate States of America Post Office Department" all enclosed by an engine and twelve cars forming a circle about three inches in diameter. Embossed on green glazed paper with scalloped edges.

Most of the old postmasters were re- tained upon taking the oath to the new government, and a large number of them turned over the money, stamps, etc., to the United States government upon the date above specified. Some of them however retained the property and subsequently, after the outbreak of ac- tual war, an order was issued directing the same to Richmond. The Official Register of the United States for 18 61 contained a full list of postmasters with the amount of business transacted at their offices and their salaries, many items contain the note "to May 31", indicating those who closed up their accounts on that date before changing their allegiance.

The Provisional Congress passed an act of ten lines, establishing a post office department, which was approved Feb- ruary 21, 1861. Two days later another act was approved, establishing postal rates which went into effect June 1, 1861, and were in brief as follows:

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THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

Letters 5 cents per y2 oz not exceed- ing 500 miles.

Drop letters 2 cents.

Newspapers, magazines, books, etc., 2 cents per oz.

Transient printed matter 1 cent each.

On April 19, 1862, an amendment was passed increasing the letter rate to 10 cents per half ounce; the rate for newspapers, circulars, etc. was made 1 cent per ounce; but books were left at 2 cents per ounce. This act took effect July 1, 1862.

Immediately after his appointment as Postmaster General Judge Reagan en- tered into correspondence with firms able to engrave and print stamps, with a view to securing a supply for the Con- federacy. Among these firms were Ed- mund Hoole, Mt. Vernon, N. Y. ; Butler & Carpenter, Philadelphia; George F. Nesbitt, New York; American Bank Note Company, New York; A. Hoen & Com- pany, Baltimore; J. W. Hayes, Newark, N. J.; Hoyer & Ludwig, Richmond. The Confederate archives, in the possession of the United States government, con- tains the correspondence from the last five, and in the Philatelic Journal of America for March 1866 their offers were printed in full. I give below an abstract.

AMERICAN BANK NOTE CO. March 4, 1861. Will print 1,000,000 stamps, any denomination, in sheets, gummed, perforated and ready for use for $3.00; and after the first million at the rate of 20 cents per 1000 stamps. Stamped envelopes at from $1.75 to $2.25 per 1000 according to size, quality of paper, etc., providing at least 1,000,000 be ordered.

GEORGE F. NESBITT & CO. March 13, 1861. No price mentioned in the letter but allusion is made to bids en- closed for "supplies" and stating they could supply the envelopes and turn the stamp contract over to the American Bank Note Company.

J. W. HAYES (no date) Perforated stamps, gummed, etc., from any of en- closed designs in packets of 100 sheets at 20 cents per 10000, in one color or 35 cents per 1000, in two colors, the

latter being strongly recommended.

HOYER & LUDWIG. April 18 61. Enclosed find samples of postal stamps. The 10c. representing the C. S. flag, we have engraved. The 2c. and 5c. we have only made drawing of. The 20c we would like to make with President Davis' portrait. The stamps will be per- forated and gummed. Price 30 cents per 1000 including packing etc.

A. HOEN & CO. April 23, 1861. This firm sent samples of proposed stamps among which were 2 and 5 cent denomi- nations with the numerals of value in ovals surrounded by Southern plants, with C. S. A. Postage above. The 10c value had a cotton boll and bud for the central design. On account of the great excitement in the city they were not able to submit exact figures, but stated that they would do the work for the same price the United States were pay- ing, and that they would accept one fourth of their pay in Confederate treas- ury notes.

This last proposal, and possibly the two preceding, may have been in re- sponce to the two advertisements, dated March 27, 1861, which were inserted in newspapers in Montgomery, New Or- leans, Charleston, Baltimore, Philadel- phia, New York, Savannah, Columbus, Richmond, Memphis, and Louisville, calling for bids for stamps and stamped envelopes. The advertisements are re- produced in full in the Metropolitan Philatelist for August 1895. They call- ed for stamps, etc., of the denominations of 2, 5, 10 and 20 cents. In his first report, dated April 20, 1861, Judge Reagan says that only two proposals were received; one each from Richmond and Baltimore, both proposing to supply lithographed stamps. The offer from the latter city was considered most favorable, but the collision which oc- curred on April 20 between the citizens of that city and the 6th Massachusetts regiment, with the consequent interrup- tion of communications, prevented fur- ther negotiations.

After considerable investigation and negociation, with printers in various Southern cities, a contract was entered

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29

into with Hoyer & Ludwig of Richmond for a supply of lithographed stamps, of which the first value, the 5 cent green, was put on sale October 15, 1861, print- ed in sheets of 200, in two panes of 100 each. The portrait was that of Presi- dent Jefferson Davis and I will refrain from giving a more detailed account of the design as it is well known to all collectors by the illustrations in our catalogues if in no other way.

The exact date when the 10 cent stamp was put on sale is not known but :'t was probably about November 1, as Mr. John A. Klemann has a specimen postmarked November 15. Colonel Offutt says the portrait "was designed for James Madison but the artist made a caricature of it." Some authorities consider it a copy of the portrait of Thomas Jefferson on the United States 5 cent stamp of the 1851-56 issue. The size of the sheet is not known for cer, tain, but the Worthington collection contained two sheets of 100 stamps each, and it may be of interest to state that they brought $260 apiece.

An agent was sent to Europe, October 1, 18 61, who contracted with Thomas De La Rue & Co., of London, for dies and plates for 1 and 5 cent stamps. The dies were engraved on steel and the plates were electro transfers from the same, the 5 cent bore the portrait of President Davis and the 1 cent that of John C. Calhoun. Judge Reagan's re- port of February 28, 1862, states that "the department has just received from Europe 2,150,000 5 cent stamps", so that the date of issue must have been sometime in February. There is no record of the dates at which subsequent shipments were sent but Colonel Offutt wrote, in a letter to my good friend Lyman H. Bagg, in April 1867, that they retained the original dies from which the plates were made, but that three plates and $400,000 worth of stamps were on a blockade runner cap- tured off Wilmington, N. C, and that these plates were thrown overboard. A 5 cent plate and a 1 cent plate were subsequently received and were sent south at the time of the evacuation of

Richmond, their ultimate fate he could not state. These De La Rue stamps were printed on a fairly thin hard paper which looks as if it were glazed, and complete sheets of this variety are by no means uncommon.

The same report of Judge Reagan's also states "two cent stamps have been much needed and it is believed that the Department will be able to supply them soon." The stamp which was probably issued in March 1862, bore a portrait of Andrew Jackson and was printed in green. Mr. Klemann's collection con- tains a pane of 100 which bears evidence of being the right half of the full sheet. The stamp was intended for drop letters and printed matter and was apparently used but little. Strips of five are some- times met with, representing the letter rate, but single specimens on the covers are quite uncommon.

Sometime about March 1862 the lithographed 5 cent stamp was again put on sale but the color changed to blue, probably the supply of the De La Rue stamps was running low. The change of color was no doubt responsible for the fact that shortly after, probably in May, the color of the 10 cent value was changed to red although no record of the change can be found, the earliest dated specimen is May 20, 1862. The scarcity of the stamp renders it impos- sible to state the size of the plate, al- though it was probably the same as that of the blue. That there were two varieties of the 10 cent blue has been known for many years, but it was not known that it was due to a change of printers until 1912 when Mr. Klemann discovered a sheet of 100 stamps bearing the imprint of J. T. Paterson & Co. of Augusta, Ga., in place of that of Hoyer & Ludwig of Richmond. Just when the change was made is not known but it was probably about the middle of 1862. The sheet contains 100 stamps in place of 2 00 as in the Richmond issue, the thin colored line through the top of the words "of America" is the quickest test for the Paterson variety.

It is not known just how many plates of the 5 cent stamp were sent over by

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THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

De La Rue & Co., but there were cer- tainly five different plates of this value, whether they were manufactured in this country, from the plate spoken of by Colonel Offutt in his letter referred to before, or whether they were sent from London, is not known. The first local prints of this value were undoubtedly made by J. T. Paterson & Co. as they were printing the stamps prior to the contract with Archer and Daly made early in 1863. The printings are quite different, those of Paterson & Co., be- ing quite coarse and on soft porous paper, while the Archer & Daly prints are on a thin hard paper. The first prints were probably issued about August 1862, and the Richmond prints in April or May 186 3.

The contract with Archer & Daly call- ed for stamps of 2, 10 and 20 cent values printed by the line engraved process. The 10 cent value was the first to ap- pear, coming out somewhere about April or May 186 3. The die for this stamp was engraved by Mr. Archer, who was formerly one of the most expert engrav- ers of the American Bank Note Co. of New York. The bust of President Davis was from a photograph especially taken for the purpose and the stamp was ap- proved by him. The value was express- ed in words "TEN CENTS". It is gen- erally believed that the sheet was a small one but as no large blocks are known its exact size cannot be ascer- tained. Colonel Offutt says that this stamp only remained in use for a very short time owing to the general dis- satisfaction with the bust, which, while an excellent portrait, was not particu- larly well executed. Another engraver, a Mr. Halpin, prepared new dies and plates, on which the value was express- ed "10 CENTS". There are two dies of this variety, the first being distinguished by the incompleteness of the scroll or ornaments and by the hollows between the scrolls at the corners. The profile of President Davis was taken from a bust, made by A. J. Volk, a foreign artist resident in Richmond, this bust was fortunately rescued from the flames at the time of the evacuation and is now

preserved in that city. There were five plates of this design, the first was from Die A. and may be told by the horizon- tal and vertical lines between the stamps, the size of the plate is not known, and the cataloguer of the Worth- ington collection said that pairs were practically unknown. The date of issue was sometime about June 1863. The other four plates are, 1 and 2 from Die A, and 3 and 4 from Die B, each con- taining two panes of 100 stamps each. they originally bore only the plate num- bers; later the inscription "Archer & Daly Bank Note Engravers, Richmond, Va." was added. When Mr. Daly re- tired from the firm the words "& Daly" were erased, although on plate 2 fine lines were cut through these words, later the entire firm name and the final letters of engravers were erased. This gives collectors of entire sheets quite a number of varieties to be on the lookout for.

Sometime in June a 20 cent value appeared bearing a portrait of George Washington, this was also printed in sheets of 200 like the 10 cent, and is scarcer in used condition. One use to which it was put is alluded to by J. C. Schwab in his book on the financial history of the Confederacy, where he says; "In 1864 the post office met the demand for small change with an issue of half a million 20 cent postage stamps. At first they were freely received, then no one wanted them, and the post office did not offer to redeem them." The Richmond Examiner also alluded to the use of these stamps as small change in an article headed "More Money" in its issue of June 4, 18 63. After describing the stamp in detail it says "The Stamp, if issued in any number, will be a good medium of change and, because of its high fractional value will, we hope, drive from general circulation some of the dirty five cent stamps that are becoming a greater nuisance every day."

Specimens of the 20 cent stamp cut in half and used as a 10 cent value are met with occasionally, but they were unauthorized and a notice in the Rich- mond papers of April 20, 1864, states

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

31

that such letters will be sent to the Dead Letter office. It is quite probable that many did slip through now and then but care should be exercised in pur- chasing specimens for fakes are not un- known.

Sometime about July or August 18 63 the 2 cent value bearing the portrait of Andrew Jackson was issued. The sheet was composed, like the last two values, of two panes of 100 stamps each. The principal use of this stamp was on drop letters and printed matter. It is not particularly common in a used condition.

A change in the contractors took place sometime in 1864 when Keating & Ball of Columbus, S. C. took charge of printing the stamps and the plates were turned over to them. Colonel Offutt states that Archer & Daly failed to comply with the terms of their con- tract", but the real reason was probably the closing in of the Federal forces around Richmond and the necessity of providing means for a more certain sup- ply for the country at large if communi- cations should be cut off from the capi- tal city. It is known that all the four plates of the 10 cent value were used by the new contractors as well as the 20 cents, but whether they also used the 2 cent and 5 cent is not certain. Their imprint was added to the 10 cent plates and their printings may be told by the soft porous paper of a yellowish hue, and by the deeper color of the inks. The 2 0 cent value had no new imprint but is in a deeper shade of green and on the same soft porous paper as the 10 cent. All these plates, it is said, were destroyed in the fire which broke out during the occupation of Columbus by Sherman's army.

As before stated a 1 cent stamp, bearing a portrait of John C. Calhoun, was preapered by De La Rue & Co. and supplies printed and sent over. There is absolutely no proof that the stamp was ever put in use and Colonel Offutt says the change in the rates soon after its arrival rendered it useless. One report is to the effect that a supply of this value was marooned at St. Thomas (D. W. I.) until after the close

of the war and then came upon the market and constitutes the supply from which we acquire our specimens.

The first printings of the 20c bore the imprint of Archer and Daly Rich- mond, Va., in large old English text. This imprint was erased by the new printers. — J. W. S.

No Confederate stamps were ever offi- cially perforated. Colonel Offutt says that a perforating machine was purchas- ed and a number of sheets perforated on trial but owing to the unsatisfactory work of the machine the idea was given up. The 2 cent, both dies of the 10 cents, and the 20 cents, are known to have been so treated, the gauge measur- ing 12y2. The lithographed 5 cent blue and 5 cent green and the 10 cent blue are known privately rouletted.

An enterprising bookseller in Atlanta some years ago struck off sheets of 70 stamps of the De La Rue design with the value altered to "TEN CENTS". These were printed in blue and also in red with his advertisement on the back of the sheet. The same design is found also in red with a portrait of Stonewall Jackson. Other bogus issues bore the Confederate flag.

Specimens of the 3 cent United States stamp of the 1857 issue surcharged C. S of A are known but their authenti- city is decidedly dubious as there was no postal rate calling for a 3 cent stamp in the Confederate regulations, a speci- men of this stamp however brought $25 in the De Coppet sale in 189 3.

Of the issues by the different post- masters I will only say that they were mainly isued during the period prior to the regular 'ssue of the Confederacy in October 1861 and when postage was to be paid in cash. Small change hav- ing practically disappeared and the post- masters not being permitted to receive the local script, the stamps were issued to accommodate the public who wished to mail letters, there being no govern- ment notes of a denomination less than $2.00 prior to 1862. Bills providing for copper coins of 1, 5, 10 and 25 cents were twice passed by the Senate but never acted upon by the House of Representatives.

32

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

It seems quite probable however that most of the Texas provisionals were not issued until 1864 and were the result of not being able to secure supplies of the regular issues, owing to lack of com- munications with Richmond, the Feder- al navy being in control of the Mississ- ippi River cut off supplies.

The history of these interesting and rare stamps remains to be written, the lack of documentary evidence and their rarity renders it almost a hopeless task at this late date. As early as 1871 John W. Scott attempted to gather ma- terial for the compiling of a history of them but although he wrote to all the southern postmasters asking for infor- mation he received but few satisfactory answers, such data as was secured was published in the American Journal of Philately. A number of years later it was announced that Robert C. H. Brock was to attempt the task, and still later H. E. Deats and John N. Luff were said to be colaborating, but up to date we must look far and near in scattered ar- ticles to learn of these rare aves. The Philatelic Index, compiled by my good friend William H. Ricketts, which is now running in this journal gives several pages of reference on these stamps.

During the early days of the struggle mail was permitted to be sent south by means of Adams Express Company and the American Letter Express Company, offices being maintained by each at Louisville, Kentucky. The letters were required to be in a 3 cent United States stamped envelope and to be enclosed in another envelope addressed to the Ex- press company at Louisville, the sum of 20 cents in United States postage stamps to be enclosed, out of which the ex- press company paid the Confederate postal charges and retained the balance as its fee.

The franking privilege was abolished by the postal act of March 15, 1861, but provision was made that the Post- master General, the Chief Clerk, the Chiefs of the Contract, Appointment, and Finance Bureaus, and the Auditor of the Treasury for the Post Office De- partment, might send official mail free

of postage over their signatures by en- dorsing the matter "Official Business". Stamped envelopes of the 1853 and 1857 issues of the United States were largely utilized on account of the scar- city of ordinary envelopes and the frank was printed on the stamp. Deputy postmasters had a similar privilege, en- dorsing their mail "Post Office Busi- ness", all other government officials used the regular stamps to prepay their mail.

Owing to the difficulties of communi- cation between Richmond and that part of the Confederacy lying west of the Mississippi River Congress authorized the establishment of a branch or sub treasury which was located at Marshall, Texas. D. F. Shall was appointed Au- ditor, and James H. Starr agent, of the Trans-mississippi post Office Department, they utilized surcharged United States stamped envelopes in the same manner as the officials at Richmond.

One of the methods by which mail was sent abroad is illustrated by an ad- vertisement appearing in a New Orleans newspaper October 15, 1861. Antonio Costa, 16 Custom House Street, an- nounced that with the advice and appro- val of the postmaster, J. L. Riddell, he had established a monthly mail service between New Orleans and Tampico,, Mexico, to connect with the regular British mail steamer at that port. August de Mesgrigney and P. M. Mazard were appointed mail carriers, and the first mail, which left October 10th, con- sisted of 1233 letters, the next sailing was announced for November 9, and the third for December 10th. The rates were as follows:

Single letters % oz. or less, double or multiple rates in proportion:

To Mexico 50 cents.

To Cuba 75 cents

To other West Indies 85 cents.

To Europe $1.00.

Letters coming from Europe were to be endorsed "By West India Mail via Tampico, care Postmaster at Matamor- as" and must be prepaid to Tampico. And now my story is done.

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

33

The American Philatelist

Published by and in the Interest of the AMERICAN PHILATELIC SOCIETY

INCORPORATED

Vol. XXXII Nov. 1, 191!

No. 2

Published at FEDERALSBURG, MD. Issued on the 1st of each month. JOSEPH B. LEAVY, Editor,

3600 Thirteenth St., N. W,, Washington, D. C. STAFF WRITERS. Dr. C. W. Hennan, Chicago, 111. Dr. Lionel Hartley, New York City.

Entered as second-class matter December 31, 1917, at the post office at Federalsburg, Maryland, under the Act of March 3, 1879.

SUBSCRIPTIONS—

60 Cents Per Year in Advance.

Special Publications.

Membership List 50 cents

Convention Proceedings - -25 cents

By-Laws, 15 oents

A D VERTISEMENTS—

One page, per insertion, , $8.00 Half page, per insertion, .... 4_qo

Quarter page, (4 inches) per insertion - 2.00

Eighth page, (2 inches) per insertion, - - 1.25

One inch, per insertion, .... ,75

Five per oent (5?») discount allowed on yearly contract.

Advertising Copy must reach Editor by the 1st of eaoh month to insure insertion.

Typewritten or printed copy should be furnished; otherwise no responsibility will be assumed for errors.

Right is reserved to reject any advertisements offered.

EXCHANGES— We willbe pleased toexchange three copies with all philatelic publications upon receipt of request to do so. Kindlysend one copy to Mr. Adam E. Daum, Assistant Librarian, 421 Wood St., Pittsburgh, Pa., one copy to the Chairman of the Philatelio Literature Committee, W. R. Rirk- etts, 1577- Wyoming Ave., Forty Fort, (Wilke- Barre) Pa., and one copy to the Editor.

CONTENTS.

Page

Roll of Honor 19

What the First Issue of United States

Postage Stamps Teaches 21

Confederate States Postal Affiairs. . 26

Editorial 33

New Issue Notes and Chronicle .... 34

The Scrap Bag 37

Obituary 41

Reports 41

The Current 2c Postal Cards 45

20 Lepta Greece 1876-79 46

EDITORIAL.

To the members of the American Phila- telic Society.

The Board of Directors of the Ameri- can Philatelic Society having seen fit to ratify the appointment of your Presi- dent and confer upon me the honor of the editorship of the American Philate- list, the official organ of the Society, it shall be my endeavor to make the pub- lication the leading philatelic magazine of the country, and in everyway a worthy mouthpiece of the great phila- telic organization it represents. One man, however willing and capable he may be, is not sufficient working power to accomplish the task, it requires the combined efforts of all the members.

Those who can write articles, do so, and send them in for publication.

Those who can secure interesting bits of information and gossip, do so, and send them in for publication also.

You can all criticise, suggest, praise, do so. Add three cents to your postage account occasionally and send in your opinions.

The American Philatelist is the pecu- liar personal property of each and every one of you, show a natural interest in your property, put your shoulders to the wheel and help push the publication to the fore, make The American Phila- telist, the official organ of your society, what it should be: The leading phila- telic publication of the world.

Do not procrastinate! Do it now! To- day not tomorrow!

JOSEPH B. LEAVY.

We are trying a bit of an innovation in the article treating the 1847 issue from an historical and biographical viewpoint, and would like to know if our readers desire the other issues of our country treated upon in the same manner. If those who would appreciate similar articles will take the trouble to so notify us we will be greatly obliged. We will not continue the series unless sufficient of our readers request it, as we are too old to waste our vitality burn- ing the midnight oil in compiling data not desired by our readers.

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THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

NEW ISSUE NOTES AND CHRONICLE.

THE EDITOR.

It will be greatly appreciated if mem- bers having new or unchronicled varie- ties will submit them promptly for no- tation and description, due credit will in all cases be given.

The Editor has been conducting the new issue column in the Philatelic Ga- zette for the past year, and only for the sake of simplicity and in order to logically explain the contents of the Universal Postal Union circular, here- with published, does the rechronicle cer- tain stamps previously noted in the other journal, after this number he does not intend to note any stamps previously chronicled by him.

International Office of The Universal Postal Union No. 2118/73.

Berne, August 7, 1918. Sir: —

I have the honor to transmit to you herewith, on the part of the Offices in- terested, three specimens of each of the new postal values enumerated here- after: 1st. DENMARK: Postage stamp of 27

on 29 ore; 2nd. GREAT BRITAIN.

(a) United; Kingdom: postage due stamp of 3 pence; postal cards of 1 penny and of 1 + 1 penny; letter card of 1 % pence and stamped en- velope of 3 % pence for registered sendings (4 sizes) ;

(b) Antigua: postage stamp of 1% pence bearing in black surcharge the mention "War Stamp";

(c) Bahama (Islands) : postage stamps of % penny and of 1 penny bearing in black surcharge the men- tion "War Tax" and postage stamp of 1 shilling bearing in red sur- charge mention as said.

(d) Dominica: postage stamp of % penny bearing in black surcharge the mention "War Tax."

(e) Federated Malay States: postage stamp of 2 cents;

(f) British Honduras: postage stamps of 3 cents bearing in black sur- charge the mention "War";

(g) Jamaica: postage stamp of 2 shil- lings; (h)Montserrat: postage stamp of V2 penny bearing in black sur- charge the mention "War Stamp"; (i) St. Christopher and Nevis: post- age stamp of 1 Vz pence bearing in black surcharge the mention "War Stamp"; (j) Sarawak: postage stamps of 1 cent, 2, 3, 4, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 25, 50 cents and 1 dollar; (k) Straits Settlements: postage stamp of 2 cents; postal cards of 2, 2 + 2 and 4 + 4 cents; 3rd. JAPAN: latter card of 3 sen, placed in circulation the 15th of May last (the old card of the same value continues to be current at the same time) ; 4th. N-ZEALAND. Penrhyn Island:

postage stamp of 1 shilling; 5th. SWEDEN: postage stamps of 12, 55, 80 and 90 ore; ordinary postal card of 7 ore; official postal card of 7 ore and letter card of 12 ore; 6th. TURKEY: postage stamp of 5 piasters. Will you agree, Sir, in the assurance of my higest considerations. The Director:

RUPFY. UNITED STATES. 1917-18. No watermark. Perforated 11.

During the past year various shades of the current stamps have been chroni- cled from time to time, as we saw them, they are herewith re chronicled in one lot for the benefit of A. P. S. members. 1c. Green, deep green, milori green, deep grass green, deep yellow green, deep gray green, light gray- ish green, deep blue green, blue green. 2c rose, deep rose, dull rose, light rose, very pale rose, carmine rose, car- mine, pale rose red, rose red. 3c die I, deep lilac, pale violet, violet, deep violet, dark violet, dull violet, pale gray violet, gray violet, dark gray violet, red violet, dark red vio-

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

35

let, red violet pink back, deep red lilac, purple.

3c die II. Deep lilac, deep red lilac, violet, dull violet, red violet pink back, deep purple, blue violet.

4c. Brown, yellow brown, orange brown, gray brown.

5c. Blue, deep blue, deep dull blue, dark blue, deep slate blue, deep greenish blue, deep bright blue.

6c. Red orange, deep orange.

7c. Black, Gray black, greenish black.

8c. Yellowish olive, bistre olive.

9c. Salmon, light salmon.

10c. Golden yellow, yellow orange, light brownish orange.

lie. Myrtle green.

12c. Dull claret lake, light claret lake.

15c. Deep gray, gray.

20c. Ultramarine, light dull blue, light gray blue, light greenish blue.

30c. Orange vermilion, light orange vermilion.

50c. Deep lilac, deep gray lilac, light violet.

$1. Purple brown, black brown.

S2. Orange vermilion & black.

$5. Deep green & black.

10c. Special Delivery. Ultramarine, deep ultramarine, bright ultrama- rine, light ultramarine, dull gray blue, violet blue pink back, dark ultramarine. No watermark. Imperforate.

lc.

2c.

3c die 1. Violet, dark violet, red violet pink back.

3c die 11. Violet, blue violet.

Aero Mail. No watermark. Perfor- ated 11.

16c green, deep green.

24c carmine & blue, light carmine & blue.

24c carmine & blue, inverted medallion. Surface printed by offset process. No

watermark. Perforated 11.

3c type I. Dark violet, dull violet, dull gray violet, light gray violet, deep lilac.

3c type II. Deep dull violet, deep dull lilac, dull red lilac, bright lilac, lavender, purple, deep purple- Double Impression.

3c type I. Dull gray violet. 3c type II. Purple.

Imperforate. 3c type II. purple.

CURACAO. 1918. Provisional issue. Design type-set rectangle containing CURACAO — 1 — cent, in three lines. At right side !:'s handstamped HAW in script letters with a bar beneath. Hori- zontally laid paper, perforated 12.

1 cent black on buff paper. Scott Stamp & Coin Co. circular. DENMARK. 1918. Current design

newspaper stamps surcharged, as pro- visional postal issue, POSTFRIM — ore 27 ore — DANMARK. Watermarked crown.

27 on 1 ore olive bistre.

27 on 7 ore carmine.

27 on 20 ore green. Watermarked multiple crosses.

27 on 1 ore bistre.

27 on 5 ore blue.

27 on 1 ore carmine.

27 on 8 ore green.

27 on 10 ore lilac.

27 on 29 ore orange.

27 ore on 1 krone blue green &

maroon. Italy. Offices in Tripoli. 1916-18. Current Italian stamps with double over- print Libia, one being misplaced so as to be cut by perforations.

5 centesimi green.

20 centesimi orange brown. L'Echo de la Timbrologie. MOZAMBIQUE. 1918. War Tax stamp of 1916 design surcharged in black, in two lines, 2 y2 centavos.

2 y2 centavos on 5 centavos rose. Stamp Collecting.

NEW CALEDONIA. 1918. Current stamp surcharged in red, in two lines, 1 centime.

1 centime on 4 centimes blue on orange. L'Echo de la Timbrologie. REPUBLIC OF PANAMA. 1918. The 12, 15 and 24 centavos, that were issued in 1917 with Canal Zone overprint only, have recently appeared without that overprint for use in the Republic. 12 centavos purple & black.

36

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

15 centavos light blue & black.

24 centavos yellow brown & black. SWEDEN. 1918. Current King's head design. No watermark.

12 ore rose lake.

55 ore pale blue.

80 ore black.

90 ore myrtle green. TURKEY. 1918. Stamp of 1916-17 pictorial issue surcharged in black, at left side 5 Piastres 5; the same at right side in Turkish Characters, and an in- scription in Turkish characters across the top.

5 piastres on 2 paras green blue. GREAT BRITAIN AND BRITISH COLO- NIES.

GREAT BRITAIN. 1918. Postage due. Current design.

3 pence violet. ANTIGUA. 1918. Current design overprinted WAR STAMP in black sans- serif capitals. London overprinting.

1 % pence brown orange. BAHAMAS. 1918. Current King George design overprinted WAR TAX in sans-serif capitals. London overprint- ing.

% penny green (black).

1 penny carmine (Black).

1 shilling black & carmine (red). BRITISH HONDURAS. 1918. Cur- rent design overprinted WAR in large black sansserif capitals. London over- printing.

3 cents dull orange. DOMINICA. 1918. Current design overprinted WAR TAX in black block capitals. London overprinting. % penny gray green. JAMAICA. 1918. Current King George design.

2 shillings blue & violet on blue. MONTSERRAT. 1918. Current de- sign overprinted WAR STAMP in black sans-serif capitals. London overprinting.

y2 penny deep green. PENRHYN ISLAND. 1918. Current New Zealand stamp overprinted PEN- RHYN ISLAND, in two lines of dark blue sans-serif capitals. Perforated 14 by 14% and 14 by 13%. I shilling vermilion. SARAWAK. 1918. Design similar

to last issue but with portrait of new ruler.

1 cent indigo blue & carmine.

2 cents green.

3 cents brownish violet.

4 cents deep rose.

8 cents deep yellow & black.

10 cents bright ultramarine.

12 cents violet.

16 cents reddish brown.

20 cents olive bistre & violet.

25 cents brown & ultramarine.

50 cents olive & carmine.

1 dollar deep rose & deep green. - ST. KITTS-NEVIS. 1918. Current design of low denominations overprinted WAR STAMP in black sans-seriff capi- tals. London overprinting.

1 % pence dull orange. STRAITS SETTLEMENTS 1918. Cur- rent designs. Issue due to change in postal rates.

1 cent black.

2 cents gray green. 4 cents scarlet.

6 cents claret.

10 cents bright ultramarine. FEDERATED MALAY STATES. 1918 Current design. Issue due to change in postal rates.

1 cent brown.

2 cents gray green.

3 cents deep gray.

6 cents brownish orange. 10 cents bright ultramarine. TURKS & CAICOS ISLANDS. 1916- 17. An English dealer is advertising the 1 penny with local WAR TAX over- print inverted, but does not state wheth- er it is the first or second local print- ing. The first printing had WAR TAX at bottom of stamp; the second print- ing at top of stamp. Of course in the case of an inverted overprint this order would be reversed.

POSTAL CARDS. GREAT BRITAIN. 1918. Current King George design.

1 penny rose red, manila single

card. 1 penny rose carmine, manila re- ply card. 1% pence brown, light buff letter card.

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

37

STRAITS SETTLEMENTS. 1918. Current King George design.

2 cents green, manila single card.

2 cents green, manila reply card.

4 cents carmine, manila reply card. JAPAN. 1918. Current design.

3 sen carmine, white letter sheet.

SWEDEN. 1918. Design same as postage stamps but much larger.

7 ore gray green, white single card. 12 ore carmine, gray letter card. Design same as official stamps, same size.

7 ore gray green, white single card.

THE SCRAP BAG.

Under this heading will appear such miscellaneous bits of information as may be sent in by members or culled from various sources by your Editor.

Oiir Astrologer's Prophesy.

Now it came to pass that, in the sec- ond year of the reign of good King Scott, the Editor of The American Phila- telist went abroad in the land calling upon the Children of Philately to sup- port their journal.

Now for some time past he had been calling unto them, yet they would not hear him, but hardened their hearts against him.

And being sore distressed, in much anguish he cried aloud, and the people heard him and harkened unto him.

And it came to pass that there arose certain of the Scribes of the land, men learned in the wisdom of the Engraver, and mighty in understanding of per- foration and watermark, and they pre- pared articles of wonderful worth, the like of which had not been writ since the days of Tiffany.

And it came to pass that The Ameri- can Philatelist waxed mighty, and that there was none other like unto it in all the Land, neither did any rival it.

A great shout, like unto the crash of cymbals, went up from the Children of Philately, then the air was filled with singing and the music of sweet toned instruments.

The name of the astrologer is not known, but your Editor is mightily in- terested in knowing whether he is a really truly to goodness fortune teller, or just one more false prophet.

First Aeroplane Post in France.

We are indebted to Lt. Col. Warren L. Babcock for a clipping from the Paris Hearld of August 18, from which we rewrite the following account.

The first trial of an aeroplane post in France was made at half-past two on the afternoon of August 17, from Paris to Saint-Nazaire, with stop at Le Mans. Two aeroplanes started from the sub- urbs of Le Bourget, one of which, piloted by Adjudant Houssais, carried about a thousand letters; the other, piloted by Sergeant Vancaudenberghe, an aviator who escaped recently from Germany, followed to act as assistant in case of necessity.

The machines destined for the postal service are aeroplanes with two motors, containing three seats; the fittings for the carriage of the mail sacks being modified according to necessities. The machines were furnished by the Minis- ter of War, and each carried a tricolor flag with the words "Service Postal" in the corner.

The distance from Paris to Saint- Nazaire is about 450 kilometers, and it had been covered in 3 hours and 30 minutes. To Le Bourget was given the honor of the first aviation post-office, on the facade of which is the inscrip- tion "Aero-Gare du Bourget, Service Postal."

The scheme of an aeroplane post had been under consideration for more than a year, but delay in voting the cost of the service retarded its execution. The annual expense is estimated at 1,400,- 000 francs, but a large portion of this outlay will be covered by the increase in postage which aerial correspondence will have to pay.

M. D'Aub'ngy, President of the Inter- ministerial Commission of Civil Aero- nautics, made the following statement:

"Let it be clearly understood that

38

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

these are only trials. They will show us whether our calculations are well founded or not. For commercial pur- poses aeroplanes will require to be more solidly constructed, but less Jspeedy, tha" military machines.

'•'It must not be thought that these experiments in themselves will enable to come to any definite conclusions. As you know, the Government has decided that only material which cannot be utilized at Khe front will be employed for experiments. We cannot expect to get authority to ask engineers and fac- tories to devote themselves to turning out aeroplane models and special motors suitable f~v civil aviation. This means that these experiments are going to be carried out under the worst conditions. But they will, nevertheless, enable us to proceed with some useful work.

"Soon we shall see incredible things in aviation, such as the crossing of the Atlantic. Before the war aviation was a sport; during the war it is an arm; after the war it will be a means of trans- port."

Since the Le Bourget-St. Nazaire trials the air post has become one of the leading questions of the day, and very soon th^ service will be working regu- larly.

Letters transported by aerial post in France are at present wrapped in a narrow rbd band bearing the words "By Aeroplane", but a special stamp is shortly to be issued, which, it is said, will bear the portrait of that "Ace of Aces' ", France's aviator hero, Lieuten- ant Guynemer.

Spurious Issue for Chili.

A certain Under-Secretary of the Min- istry of Justice conceived the scheme of issuing, for personal profit, a 20 centavo stamp in commemoration of the anniverstary of the battle of Maipo. 100,000 of the stamps were privately printed and issued, without preliminary, notice to an unsuspecting public upon the anniversary of the battle. Thanks to the prompt action of a Chilian Jour- nal, El Diario Ilustrado, of Santiago, the scheming official was impeached, an inquiry ordered, and practically all the

labels were destroyed, on April 18, in the presence of the Ministers of the Republic.

We would therefore warn our read- ers not be be inveigled into purchasing Chilian stamps of the 20 centavos de- nomination similar in design to the 5 centavos of the 1910 issue.

New York-Chicago Air Mail Route.

Office of Information Post Office Department October 24, 1918.

Postmaster General Burleson to-day announced that the New York-Chicago air mail route will be inaugurated be- tween December 1 and December 15. The exact time of the establishment of the service will depend upon the time of the receipt by the Post Office De- partment of the necessary airplanes to operate the line.

The city of Cleveland has set apart for use as an air mail field Wodland Hills Park, a magnificient pleasure ground, and will place on it a hangar costing $10,000. Work on this aviation field was begun this week.

The city of Chicago has given the use of Grant Park as an aviation field for the landing of mail ships, and the Aero Club of Illinois has tendered the use of Ashburn Field for hangars, work shops and bunk houses for the mechani- cal forces. The Association of Com- merce of Chicago yesterday voted an allotment of $15,000 for the construc- tion of an air mail hangar. Work on the Chicago field will begin at once.

Bryan, Ohio, the intermediary stop- ping point between Chicago and Cleve- land for exchange of mail and gassing of airplanes, has furnished the Post Office Department with a suitable ground and hangars. Work on the Bryan field was begun last week.

Representatives of the Post Office Department will be in Clarion, Belle- fonte, and Lehighton, Pa., this week, to arrange for the immediate erection of hangars and preparation of fields at those points.

The New York-Chicago route will be laid out in three legs, the first from New York to Belief onte, Pa., a distance of

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

39

125 miles, with an emergency station and machine midway at Lehighton; the second leg from Bellefonte to Cleveland, a distance of 215 miles, with an emer- gency station at Clarion, Pa., a distance of 87 miles from Bellefonte; the third leg from Cleveland to Chicago, a dis- tance of 323 miles, with an intermediate mailing station at Bryan.

The plan of operation during the un- favorable winter months contemplates the airplanes leaving Chicago and New York at 6 o'clock each morning, with a capacity of about 20,000 letters, and making the trip, including all stops, within a period of 10 hours.

Unfortunately the route will be inau- gurated at the worst possible season of the year, the Post Office Department had hoped to establish it at an earlier date so that the aviators could become thoroughly conversant with the land- marks of the route before the face of the country was snow covered, but the unavoidable delays in construction of hangars and airplanes prevented. Im- portant mail routes must run daily no matter what the weather conditions, so the Post Office Department saw no rea- son for a further delay until fine spring weather, especially as this is the last air mail route to be established until after the war. The change in the ori- ginal route from Lock Haven to Belle- fonte was made to overcome adverse air currents caused by the high range of hills in the vicinity of Mauch Chunk, the slight detour to the south avoided these adverse currents.

Clever Forgery of British India 1866.

The Philatelic Journal of India states that there has recently appeared quite a quantity of very cleverly executed for- geries of the provisional 6 annas violet and green of 1866 (Scott's 29 and 30). The counterfeits are being offered in singles, pairs, and strips of from three to six, the strips generally containing the rare error of inverted overprint. It is further stated that all the forgeries are recently postmarked with the postal cancellations of the period of some towns of the Madras Presidency.

The Pi-ice of Postage Stamps in Indoo- China.

The French Colonial Office has re- ceived from the Governor of Indo-China a telegraphic order to no longer sell to the public the stamps of that colony.

This forceful measure was taken so that the inhabitants of Indo-China could no longer procure in France the stamps necessary for the prepayment of their postage. This had been a decided ad- vantage to them as the exchange of the piastre had increased from 2 francs 50 centimes to 4 francs 20 centimes. It was necessary to pay 4 francs 20 cen- times in the colony for 25 stamps of 10 centimes each, whilst the French Colo- nial Office sold them for 2 francs 50 centimes.

Is such an interdiction legitimate? That is the question asked by the "Avenir du Tonkin" after having regis- tered complaints, from the majority of its readers, of a strong disinclination to pay for their postage double the price that it was really worth.

Xtunanda and Urundi.

Regarding these questionable provi- sionals for the conquered section of German East Africa occupied by Belgian forces, L'Echo de la Timbrologie states "on the authority of a subscriber placed in a position to know whereof he speaks". That at the beginning of 1916 the overprint Ruanda and Urundi was locally stamped upon 5000 sets of the Belgian Congo stamps and that about half of the quantity that reached Tabora was on hand in July 1916. These over printed stamps had been in use but a short time when orders were received from the Ministry of the Belgian Colo- nies to retire them from circulation and to forward to Havre the stock on hand as well as the stamps which had served to impose the overprint. At the same time notice was given that an authoriz- ed issue would shortly be delivered. The stamps used for imposing the overprint were forwarded to Havre but the Minis- try received none of the overprinted stamps at the offices and soldiers of the expeditionary force, sensing their rarity,

40

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

bought them up. The authorized issue did not reach Tabora until the end of 1916, and proved to be the Belgian Congo stamps with four line overprint in French and Flemish, prior to their arrival the stamps in use in the con- quered territory had been, in their or- der: First; The Belgian Congo stamps without overprint, distinguishable only by cancellation, the earliest being the town cancellation of Tabora, which was succeeded by the cancellation B P C — V P K (Bureau poste campagne — Veld Post Kantoor) with number from 1 to 4 beneath; the numbers designating the following offices: 1 — Tabora, 2 — Kig- oma, 3 — Usumbura, and 4 — Kigala. Secondly: The Belgian Congo stmps with Ruanda and Urundi overprint, which are found on registered letters with the Tabora cancellation.

The Runda and Urundi overprints being thus admittedly unauthorized have they any value to collectors in an un- used condition other than that of phila- telic curosities?

Cancellations on Early British Indian Stamps.

Early Indian cancellations and post- marks (1854-84) form the subject of what promises to be a most exhaustive reference list, now appearing in serial form in the Philatelic Journal of India, Mr. W. Renuff, the editor of that Jour- nal, is the compiler.

Proposed, New Issue for Newfoundland.

Stamp Collecting for October 5 pub- lishes the following interesting letter received by Messrs. Whitfield King & Co. from the Postmaster-General of Newfoundland.

"August 26, 1918. Dear Sirs: —

The statement in the philatelic jour- nal to which you refer in your letter of July 29 is not wholly correct. It is pro- posed to issue a 'Trail of the Caribou' series about the end of the year, but there is no intention of depicting scenes and episodes of the Great War. The Caribou, as you are no doubt aware, is the emblem of this little Dominion, and its head will appear on every stamp. The idea is to bring into prominence the work done by our boys on sea and land. Originally it was intended as an assis- tance in recruiting, but, conscription now being in force, it is no longer neces- sary for that purpose, but will, I hope, serve as a fitting emblem of local War effort. The names of some of the enga- gements in which our boys took part will be on the various denominations. The issue will consist of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 24, and 36c values, the complete list selling for $1.25. Yours truly, J. ALEX. ROBINSON, Postmaster-General.

The Development of Rates of Postage.

Mr. W. C. Stone is desirous of call- ing the attention of members to a book by the above title written by Alfred D. Smith of the Secretary's office of the General Post Office, London. It is a good historical and analytical study of the different rates for letters, news- papers, parcels, etc., in England, Cana- da, the United States, France and Ger- many. While stamps are only inciden- tally mentioned the book is one of value to all serious philatelists. Published by George Allen & Unwin, Ltd., London. Price about six for seven shillings.

REPORTS OF BRANCH SOCIETIES.

Branch No. 3.

The 348th regular meeting of the Pacific Philatelic Society was held, on Sept. 18th., at the Society's room in the Russ Building, 235 Montgomery St., San Francisco. Meeting called to order at 8.15 P. M., Vice-Pres. H. B. Phillips

in the chair. Secretary, twelve mem- bers and one visitor present. Minutes of last meeting read and approved. Mr. Jos. Birkenfeld was elected to member- ship. The feature of the meeting was the exhibition of the fine Scandinavian collection of Mr. L. Lagarus, perticu- larly strong in Norway and Sweden, and

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

41

the Denmark and Danish West Indies of Mr. H. Marcus. The latter a revela- tion as to what may be accomplished with patient study and research in the unearthing of uncatalogued varieties. The method of arranging and mounting the collection, showing various charts and data with the stamps, proved of great interest to the members. Meeting adjourned at 10.30 P. M.

EDGAR M. BRANSFORD,

Secretary.

OBITUARY.

It is with deep regret that we note the death of Herbert Philip Klein, A. P. S. #5116. Mr. Klein was Secretary of the St. Louis Stamp Collectors Society, A. P. S. Branch No. 4. A young man of very energetic nature and a staunch worker for the good of philately. His presence and support will be greatly missed by the Society he so ably served and by his many personal friends.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.

Those receiving unsolicited approval sheets will kindly inform the Recorder of the Board of Vice Presidents of the names of dealers sending them, in order that the Hoard may take action to eradicate this evil.

No. 3

November 1, 1918.

Applications Pending.

Aguirre, Edwardo.

Cadbury, Benj.

Turnbull, H. M.

Hamilton, Thos. H.

Wang Chin Chai, S. S.

Mengel, Arthur R.

Moss Rev. Arthur B.

Purdie, Francis B.

Sawman, A. A.

Coveliski, Jos. P.

Schiller, Gust A.

Sutton, C. P.

Sinclair, H. M.

Zychlinski, K.

Dickason, Donald E.

Applications Posted.

Becker, A. H., 49 0 W. First St., Casper, Wyo.; Age 29; Locomotive Engineer; Reference: W. C. Phillips & Co., Reno, Nev. ; Proposed by H. A. Davis #1925.

Ciampolini, Felix, 113 Washington Place, New York; Age 40; Singer; Reference: Klemann, Morganthau, Bartels, all of new York; Proposed by Vahan Mozian, #2279.

Fiacre, Henri F., Rue Monthulet, La Roche-sur-yon, Vendie, France; Age 54; Mgr. S. P. Alimentation; Refer- ence: Y. Saulnier, Fordham, N. Y., Arthur Siniionescu, Hackensack, N. J.; Proposed by H. A. Davis, #1925.

New Stockholders.

5191 Patteck, Nathaniel, 176 Grand St. Extension, Brooklyn, N. Y.

5192 Schwantes, Herman, 2921 Ring- gold St., Philadelphia, Pa.

5193 Timourou, Wm. von, 815 Wash- ington St., Hoboken, N. J.

5194 Bradford, E. Nelton, 116 Nassau St., New York.

5195 Brown, E. M., 313 Bangor Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio.

519 6 Field, E. L., Deemer, Neb.

5197 Hoyt, Geo. W., 106 Washington St., Chicopee Falls, Mass.

5198 Marthers, Harry S., 695 Warren St., Bridgeport, Conn.

5199 Nuese, Robt. E., 303 W. 122 St., New York.

5200 Singer, Robert, 612 Michigan Ave. Evanston, 111.

5201 Walker, J. Lewis, Jr., 600 West- over Ave., Norfolk, Va.

5202 Wren, Katherine D., 1560 Henry Clay Ave., New Orleans, La.

Reinstated 943 Reynolds, John N., 1527 Walnut

Ave., Wilmette, 111. 730 Osborn, Chas. E., 13 S. 17th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Replaced on Roll. Having paid dues for two years in full.

4519 Banfield, Elwood, 26 East 23rd St., New York,

42

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

Deaths Reported;. 3443

1906 Kjellstedt, L. Harold, 1026 Wood- lawn Ave., Scranton, Pa. 5116 Klein, Herbert, 3910 Botanical 2918

Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 239 3 Lehman, Chas., 203 W. 94th St.,

New York. 2 640

Resignations Received. 5094 Abbott, Spence, Box 147 Alta

Loma, Calif. 46 32

2133 Berthold, V. M., 195 Broadway,

New York. 3685 Dunham, Jas. H., Scranton, Pa. 2709

1643 Dutcher, Frank J., Hopedale,

Mass. 4113 Giberga, Saml., Calle 15 N. 251 4243

Vedado, Havana, Cuba. 4850 Knox, Guy, Commonwealth Bldg.,

Denver, Colo. 3979

3796 Pease, Roger Q., 480 Oxford Rd.,

Newton Centre, Mass. 242 Schurmann, Edward, Lemcke 3167

Bldg., Indinapolis, Ind. Expelled by Board, of Directors. 2462

4525 Lloyd, William, 606 Royal St.,

New Orleans, La. 5087 Strantz, Dr. W., Butler, Pa. 2465

Correction. In the Secretary's Report No. 1 the death of No. 1983 was reported. We 3043 are glad to make correction as we were misinformed. The Fred D. Pollard was not our Fred D. Pollard #1938 and 1578 we are glad to report #19 38 is alive and well.

Important Notice. 1823

The War Industries Board, Pulp and Paper Section, in its Regulations sent to Publishers, suggests, owing to short- 4426 age of Paper that all subscriptions should be discontinued unless renewed 4064 at expiration. The Annual Membership and Subscription List is soon to be com- yiled and all subscriptions not renewed 4737 will be discontinued. Please communi- cate at once with the Treasurer, Mr. J. 4712 E. Scott.

Change of Address. 5103 Abdill, Wm. V. from Burlington. 4864

N. J. to Titusville, N. J. 143 Adenaw, J. K. from 104 E. 64th

St. to 161 E. 64th St., New York. 5132 5 030 Auerbach, A. F. from Box 229

to 11 O'Reilly St., Havana, Cuba,

Bender, E. J., from 2642 Nor- wood St. to 2624 Norwood St., N. S. Pittsburg, Pa.

Culver, C. M. from San Francisco to 2838 Central Ave., Alameda, Calif.

Cass, L. V. from Nicholson, Pa., to 80 Park Ave., Binghamton, N. Y.

Curtis, Fred A. from 207 W. 33rd St. to 118 W. 36 St., Indianapolis, Ind.

Field, Wm. H. from 1211 Lewis St. to 1223 Elmwood Ave., Char- leston, W. Va.

Fuller, Perry W. from Station E. to 623 W. 40th St., Baltimore, Md.

Hancock, Albert from 19 S. 5th Ave., to 19 S. Wells St., Chicago, 111.

Herzog, H. A., from 406 to 403 Grandview Ave., El Paso, Texas. Hotz, R. S. from 3033 Sheridan Rd. to 1525 Astor St. Lincoln Park Sta., Chicago, 111. Hoyt, R. C. from 610 Park Ave. to 321 Federal Bldg., Omaha, Neb.

Hubbell, Grover C. from Albu- querkue to Bishop's Lodge, Santa Fe, N. M.

Jefferis, Dr. B. Grant from Chica- go to Magnolia Springs, Baldwin County, Ala.

Jensen, J. C. from W. 178th St. to 606 191 St. West, Apt. 52, New York.

Joyce, Morton D. from New York to Box 57, Princton, N. J. Jumper, Chas. H. from Detroit, Mich, to 70 Willow St., Plainfield, N. J.

Kennett, W. C. Jr. from Cincin- nati to Hazelwood, Ohio. Kmentt, Cornel from Ridgefield Park to 15 Oakwood Ave., Bogota, N. J.

Kornik, I. J. from 10 53 Oak View to 818 Washington St., Memphis, Tenn.

Livingston, P. A. from Towah- loondah, N. Y. to Box 94 3, Nar- berth, Pa.

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

45

THE CURRENT 2c POSTAL CARDS.

JOSEPH B. LEAVY.

The war raise in postal rates made necessary a 2c postal card to succeed the lc for general domestic use. A design was prepared showing the head of Grover Cleveland, but, in view of the fact that this country had entered the world war in support of the doc- trine of democracy promulgated by our third President, it was deemed more appropriate to substitute the head of Thomas Jefferson.

At the time the design was finally approved the Bureau of Engraving and Printing was over crowded with more important war work and could not im- mediately prepare the necessary engrav- ed die of the design nor manufacture the printing plates.

The Bureau of Engraving and Print- ing furnished a pen and ink drawing of the design to the Government Print- ing Office and that latter institution manufactured therefrom typhographic plates by the photo-lithography process. These plates, known officially as "hard- ened copper plates", were very inferior in execution and the cards printed there- from appear crude and coarse, in fact were the head not labeled "Jefferson" we would be inclined to take it for a portrait of "Toby Tippler". The plate did not last under printing pressure but "mashed up" making late printings even more coarse and sumudged.

The typhographed cards were first is- sued October 22, 1917, being printed in carmine, and later in rose red, an in- tentional change of ink. The cards were so wretchedly poor in execution that all possible pressure was brought to bear upon the Bureau of Engraving and Printing with the result that within three months that institution had en- graved a die and manufactured plates, officially known as "hardened steel plates", from which cards were printed and issued to the public on January 23, 1918. These cards being printed from engraved steel plates show a well exe- cuted likeness of Thomas Jefferson

etched in fine smooth lines. The print- ing reverted to the carmine ink of the first typhographed cards.

The hardened steel plates used for printing the present cards are engrav- ed steel surface planting plates, as we were heretofore ignorant of the fact that this method of manufacture was used by the Government in any of its printing work we deem a description of interest to our readers.

A die is deeply engraved with the de- sign, in recess, the die embracing the stamp and label "THIS SIDE OF CARD IS FOR ADDRESS", from this die trans- fers are taken on oblong flat pieces of steel, with the design in relief, before hardening these oblong pieces of steel are slightly curved vertically, each is known as a plate, forty-eight are fas- tended with set screws to a diagonal- ly grooved cylinder, in four rows of twelve, allowing for the proper spac- ing of the card size, this cylinder is used for printing the cards and is known as the "make up plate". The card is in a large roll or drum and together with the make up plate is placed in a press similar to that used for printing newspapers, each revolution of the make up plate prints forty-eight cards and the drum of card paper is cut at the end of each revolution, the sheets of forty-eight cards being later fed to a machine which cuts them inso single postal cards.

A double, or reply, card was issued on August 17, 1918, being of different design, in this case a portrait of Wash- ington, similar to that on the postage stamps, in rectangular frame with solid background and curved top, over which curves a ribbon band in folds half way down the sides and bearing the inscrip- tion U. S. POSTAL CARD in colored capitals; a narrow ribbon at bottom of portrait bears the name WASHINGTON in small colored sans-serif capitals, be- neath that a solid color label with irre- gular ovals at each end enclosed by an

46

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

outline scroll, the label bearing 2 CENTS 2 in colorless numerals and letters. A band in the center of card, on a line with the bottom of the stamp, bears the inscription THIS SIDE OF CARD FOR ADDRESS, in thin sans-serif colored capitals. The reply card attached is in every "way similar except that the por- trait is of Martha Washington, her name appearing upon the ribbon at bottom, REPLY CARD with fancy ornament beneath is curved above the inscription THIS SIDE OF CARD FOR ADDRESS. The make up plates for the double or reply card are of twenty-four subjects each, in four rows of six with twice the vertical space between subjects allow- ed for the single card. The cylindrical make up plates are placed in the press

so that the card paper runs between them printing both sides simultaneously the same as in a newspaper press, at printing the card is cut in the same size sheets as the single card and afterward fed to a machine which cuts to double card size at the same time rouletting between the card and reply card so that they will fold and separate easily and properly. The printing is in red.

Summary.

1917, typographed,

2c carmine (Jefferson). 2c rose red (Jefferson).

1918, engraved surface printing, 2c carmine (Jefferson).

2c+2c red (Washington and Mar- tha Washington).

THE 20 LEPTA OF THE GREEK ISSUE OF

1876-79.

Many of the different stamps of the sheet in printing Zb show the inversion of the O. Of these cases a very small number are attributable to the second setting; most of them evidently belong to later settings. This feature and the frequency of bad printing seem to be chiefly characteristic of these later set- tings. My earliest date for a copy showing a setting later than the sec- ond is 15th August, 1878.

In connection with this subject it would be of interest to inquire whether the first resetting was not rendered necessary by the previous use of the type for the printing of the controls of the 10 Lepta on yellow paper (L),

which took place not later than May 8th, 1877, and whether the subsequent resettings were not connected with the printing of the succeeding orange-red stamps (M).

In the light of the fresh information acquired a brief reconsideration of the question of classification becomes neces- sary. If the conclusions drawn above are justified they must necessarily affect our views as to the sequence of the printings, and must result in somewhat lengthening the list of stamps. On the other hand, by suggesting a lower value for colour as a criterion of a printing (in the series under consideration) they countenance the union of certain of printings formerly recognized.

THE AMER10AN PHILATELIST.

47

WANTS AND EXCHANGES.

RATES. — Per line including address single insertion, 5 cents. Standing notices, one year per line, 12 %c. Minimum charge for yearly notice, 50c.

GOVERNMENT ISSUES of Postal Cards and Letter Cards. Approval selections to responsible collectors. S. Schachne, Chil- licothe, Ohio.

EXCHANGE — I take 1 to 1000 of a kind, and give single copies. The rate? that depends. Harry C. Bradley, Dorchester Center, Mass.

WANTED! Will buy or sell old United .States and Confederate covers Will sell rare U. S. Local and Western Prank cov- ers and Cape Triangles. William F. Cor- nell, 710 Jefferson, Detroit, Mich. A.P.S. 3799.

MEXICO — EARLY ISSUES ONLY, 1856 to 1883. Single copies, used or unused, pairs, strips or blocks, on or off cover. I will buy or give liberal exchange in other stamps. Correspondence desired with collectors early Mexico. H. A. Dia- mant, 208 N. Main St., St. Louis, Mo. A. P. S. 2030.

The Protective Bulletin. — The only paper of its kind in the world, publishing news of frauds, dead-beats, fakes and forgeries, running in addition to this an article call- ed "The Market" which may save many dollars and is alone worth the price of subscription. Four pages of solid reading.

Subscription accepted from responsible and recognized men of the trade only, and same will be refunded if the Bulletin is not absolutely satisfactory in every way.

25c per year. Thrift Stamp Accepted.

The Bulletin, 2135 Porter St., Phila., Pa.

WANTED — Current 3 cent plate numbers 7266 and up. Top singles preferred, but bottom Nos. taken. No. 8370 in pair or block, also 8375 left side No. in block. H. M. Southgate, Chevy Chase, Md.

WANTED — Manuscript for articles of in- terest to our members written by members for publication in this journal. Address The Editor.

WANTED. — 19th Century U. S. Offer in

exchange good foreign mostly 20th Cen- tury, Basis, Scotts 1917, some war sur- charges. Address Wm. Schwarzwaelder, 11 Euclid Ave., Maplewood, N. J., A. P. S. 4538.

EXCHANGE. — What have you for 15 Vols. Mekeel's Weekly Stamp News? Also have $1500 worth of duplicates to ex- change for stamps not in my general col- lection. W. O. Staab, 1099 Fratney St., Milwaukee, Wis.

WANTED. — Stamps of old German Sta- tes used only and in fine condition. Sub- mit stamps with lowest offer for cash by return mail. Chas. Lange, P. O. Box 18, Cincinnati, Ohio.

EGYPT and SUDAN. My wholesale price list of these two countries will be sent to any dealer free on application. E. L. Angeloglous, P. O. Box 873, Cairo, Egypt.

FOR SALE, unused British Honduras, singles, blocks, pairs. 20 per cent, off Catalogue prices. C. O. Taylor, 620 Mad- ison Ave., Elizabeth, • N. J. A. P. S. 3717.

PRECANCELS. — I will pay cash for any precancelled stamps. Also have some fine approvals. Write me. C. W. Hennan, M. D., 6450 Drexel Ave., Chicago, 111.

WANTED — Triangle Capes and new Foundland. Any quantity, also buy entire collections. H. T. Kleinman, Morris Build- ing, Philadelphia, Pa.

WANTED: — *New Zealand agency for cheap foreign packets, 3d to 5sh each. Send samples and agency terms to Wilcox Smith & Co., Dunedin, New Zealand.

A line of stamps such as no other dealer can supply at 70% discount. Selections gladly sent on request. Fidelity Co., 2135 Porter, St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Bavaria 18k No. 20 $3.00

Brazil 700r No. 76 2.00

'Honduras lc No. 140 1.00

St. Vincent lsh No. 22, fair 3.00

*St. Vincent 5sh No. 50 2.10

'Virgin Island 2%d No, 11 3.50

'Zululand 6d No. 19 150

Br. Central Af. 3sh No. 27 2.00

'Falkland Is. 3sh No. 28 3.00

'Paraguay 60c No. 114 1.00

Ceylon lr, 12c on 2r 50c No. 198 3.00

'Grenada lp on lsh No. 28 1.00

'Uruguay 2c on 7c No. 197 1.00

U. S. Rev. $50 green, imperf 3.25

U. S. Rev. $25 blue & black 9.00

Money back if not satisfactory. Net approvals, that are worth a trial, for gen- eral collectors only. *

CARL YOUNG,

112 N. Fifth St., Phila., Pa.

u^eR€™eDSTATi<

ePV=*r5,a"?rl,asV°»NttD|i /» SEND/- IMPRESSION SHEET fc-^

™E ENTIRELY * STEEL NICKEL P^' 0.A. MICHEL P.O. Box 293 Newark.NewJersey

I.P.C. 153 N.P.S. 865.

A.P.S. 5117 S.P.A. 2462 M.P.A. 1214

48

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

kfC. F. RICHARDS, T^

BOX 77,

GRAND CENTRAL P.O.

NEW YORK CITY.

OUR

DECEMBER SALE

Will contain a nice lot of XT. S. and Foreign, especially strong in 19th and 20th Century British Colonies etc. Date later

M. OHLMAN, 75-77 Nassau St.. N. TC. C-

U. S. REVENUES WANTED

i.

Will pay cash for all good copies of revenues. (ONLY)

What have you to offer, either as a collection or lot of odd stamps?

Can use a quantity of one single stamp or stamps.

No lot too large. But do not want any lot that is worth less than $2.00 net.

All stamps must be good copies. Do not care for poor stamps at any price.

I especially want Imperforate and. Part Perforate stamps in pairs, strips,

blocks. You may send any of the above on approval at best net price. If satisfactory will send check at once. If not will return as received.

F. P. GIBBS

Member of A. P. S. No. 1702

P. 0. Box 536a

American Stamp Dealers Association

Olean, N. Y.

WARREN H. COLSON

Offers one of the largest and most comprehensive stocks held by any profes- sional in America, and he will be pleased to enter into correspondence with all

SERIOUS COLLECTORS

Thousands of varieties from a few cents up to the very greatest rarities constant ly on view; but throughout this stock — without exception the CHOICEST in America — there is but ONE quality— the very best.

Here, the collector, following almost any line of philatelic endeavor, will find many pieces that are not only beautiful but, as well, unusual, to delight and satisfy the philatelic craving.

Likewise Mr. Colson is a liberal buyer — at all times— of single rare stamps, rare stamps on letters, and collections. His activities, however, are limited to the field ante-dating 1900.

He is particularly interested in the Postmaster's Stamps of the United States; the issues of the Confederate States; Carrier Stamps and Locals, and offers quite the best avenue for the sale or purchase of any such in the world.

Off ers of the old classic issues, such as early Mauritius, New South Wales (re- quired for plating), British Guiana (all issues), Switzerland, Hawaii, Dominiean Re- public, type-set issues only, and so forth, are also cordially solicited.

Postage Stamps for Advanced Collectors.

184 BOYLSTON ST., BOSTON, MASS., U. S. A.

Cable Address— "Warcolson," Boston. Telephone— "Back Bay 3502."

c<&

MM

o

AMERICAN PHILATELIC SOCIETY

BOARD OP DIRECTORS.

President — J. W. Scott, 120 W. 49th Street, New York City, N. T. Board of Vice-Presidents — F. S. Parmelee, Chairman, 210 First

Natl. Bank Bldg., Omaha, Neb.; H. A. Whipple, Recorder,

Omaha. Neb.; Dr. W. P. Wherry, 603 Brandies Theatre

Bldg., Omaha, Neb. Secretary — Dr. H. A. Davis, 11 Hamilton Apts., Denver, Colo. Treasurer — J. E. Scott, 238 Lincoln Ave., Detroit, Mich. International Secretary — G. C. Cuenod, Galveston, Texas. Directors-at-Larse — H. B. Phillips, Berkeley, Calif.; Alvin Good,

Cleveland, Ohio.

APPOINTIVE OFFICERS.

Sales Supt. — P. M. Wolsieffer, 21 S. 17th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Examiner of Sales Books — A. F. Henkels, Philadelphia, Pa.

Editor of American Philatelist — Joseph B. Leavy, 3600 Thir- teenth St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

LHirnria«i — John H. Leete, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Assistant Librarian — Adam E. Daum, 421 Wood St., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Attorney — Fred. R. Schmalzriedt, 938 Majestic Bldg., Detroit. Mich.

Counterfeit Detector — Eugene Klein, 1318 Chestnut St., Phila- delphia, Pa.

COMMITTEES.

Expert — John N. Luff, John A. Klemann, J. C. Morgenthau. Philatelic Literature — Wm. R. Ricketts, H. E. Deats, W. R

King. Philatelic Index — Wm. R. Ricketts, Clifford W. Kissinger, C. A

Howes. Obituary — Julian Park, Rev. L. G. Dorpat, F. H. Burt. Catalogue — A. E Owen, W. B. Sprague, Dr. Carroll Chase, J

N. Luff. Geo. H. Worthington. J. M. Bartels, C. K. B. Nevin,

W. L. Stevenson. Hand Book — Wm. C. Stone, Chairman; Wm. E. Ault.

-C- ».■&■'

50

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

A NEW

U. S.

INVERT.

24c carmine and blue with inverted airplane in center. A few of the remaining copies of the only sheet found for sale. Price on application.

Collections of United States,

Twentieth Century and War Stamps will be incomplete without this great rarity.

EUGENE KLEIN

1318 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, Penna.

Cable Address: Kleinstamp

U. S. WANTED

There Is a greater damand for good United States stamps in tine condition, by members participating in the Sales Department, than supply.

If you can make up some good books, particularly early issues, they will re- ceive immediate circulation over Special U. S. Circuits.

The Department also requires more good books of 20th Century stamps. Blank Sales Books to hold 120 stamps furnished by the Superintendent at 5c each.

P. M. WOLSIEFFER

SALES SUPT. 21 S. 17th St. PHILA., PA.

Efficient New Issue Service

32 page New Issue Catalogue Free.

AUCTIONS MONEY LOANED ON STAMPS

Stamp Collections, Dealer's Stock, &c

U. S. Premium Coin Book, 10 cents. 'Entire Collections Purchased.

Approval selections on request.

A very large stock of both Stamps md Coins always on hand. [H

FRED MICHAEL

8 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, Dl.

P. M. WOLSIEFFER

SOLE OWNER

Philadelphia Stamp Co.

21 S. 17th St., PHILA., PA.

Stamp Auction Specialist, holding Public Stamp Auction Sales continu- ously since 1893. If you do not re- ceive these explicit catalogues better

GET ON OUR MAILING LIST.

OUR NEXT SALE

JANUARY 6th and 7th.

Will contain a nice lot of U. S. and Foreign, especially strong in 19th and 20th Century British Colonies, etc.

We want everyone, who

is interested in our sales,

to get our catalogues.

The Government asks us, through our

printer, to conserve paper. If you are

not interested in our sales, please spend

2c and tell us so.

. .Mr. Collector help us assist the Gov- ernment. A line on a post cord will do it. M. OHLMAJf 75-77 Nassau St., N. Y. C.

ft£ R€FIN€D STflTjfo,,

/> SEND/" IMPRESSION SHEET fc-x

nUE ENTIRELY./ STEEL NICKftpL*

0. A MICHEL P.O. Box 293 Newark, New Jersey

a/&l joc.o/rf£ftcrtr sr/us an<imic£& L4sr/{i/f£-ntie

I.P.C. 153 N.P.S. 865.

A.P.S. 5117 S.P.A. 2462 M.P.A. 1214

WAR ISSUES.

We make a specialty of these in- teresting stamps and have the larg- est assortment in the United States. Large list sent free upon request.

ECONOMIST STAMP CO.

87 Nassau St. New York City.

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST

Official Journal of the American Philatelic Society

Vol. XXXII

DECEMBER 1, 1918.

No. 3

ROLL OF HONOR.

It is desired to list every member connected with any service branches of the Army and Navy and you are asked to send your name and rank to the Editor for inclusion In this list. The co-operation of all members is also asked in order to have this list complete. The list is intended to include both officers and enlisted members.

Additions to the list since last corrections are marked with a *.

United States Army (all branches.)

BABCOCK, LT. COL. WARREN L., M.

D., 6th Regt. Coast Artillery, Am.

Ex. Forces. BANDHOLTZ, BRIG. GEN. HARRY H.,

Provost Marshal General, Am. Exp.

Forces. *BELTZER, CAPT. C. E., Infirmary

#11, 16 6 Depot Brigade, Camp

Lewis, Wash. BLUMENTHAL, SERGT. PHILIP L.,

Chemical Warefare Service. BURTON, CAPT. KENNETH, 364th

Infantry. CARTWRIGHT, CAP. BRUCE, Jr., Mo- tor Transport Corps. COLOURN, CAPT. WM. B., Co. E.

337 Infantry. * CORCORAN, CAPT. BREWER, Office

Chief of Staff. COSBY, COL. SPENCER, 5th Engineers. CRABBS, LEO B., Central Field Artil- lery Officers' Training School,

Camp Zachery Taylor, Ky. CRITTENDEN, CAPT. JAMES L.,

Coast Artillery. DE MOSTOS, MAJOR EUGENIO C, P.

R. Infantry. DIEMER, MAJOR HUGO, Ordnance

Dept. DRAKE, MAJOR J. FRANK, Ordinance

Dept. *EVANS, SORP. JNO. C, 30th Co. 8th

Bat., 165 Depot Brigade. FARNHAM, LT. FRED E. FEASEL, ALVIN, 148th U. S. Inf.

Supply Co., 37th Div. *FORESTER, CAPT. O. H., Medical

corps, Camp Gordon, Ga.

FUSS, EDWIN W., Co. I., M. P., 78th Div.

*FORSBECK, CAPT. FILIP A., Medical Reserve Corps, Camp Grant, Rock- ford, 111.

*GARBACCIO, L. F., American Expedi- tionary Forces. GODCHARLES, CAPT. FREDERIC, Ordanance.

GRAHN, SERGT. H. V., Officers Train- ing School, Co. E., Coast Artillery, Ft. Monroe, Va.

HAMILTON, REV. A. W., (Branch un- known).

HAMILTON, LIEUT. COL. CHAS S., 11th Infantry, Am. Exp. Forces.

HAMILTON, CAPT. WILLIAM A., 7th (Co. Coast Artillery. HAMMATT, D. C, 14th Training Bat- tery, Camp Zachary Taylor, Ky.

HENN, CAPT. RALPH F., Ordanance Department.

HEYMAN, LT. LAURENCE J., 336th Infantry.

HOLT, MAJOR JOHN M., M. D.

HOPKINS, ROBERT E., 25th Engi- neers.

*HUDSON, PAUL R., 1st Bat. Chemical Warfare Service.

HYDE, LT. COL. ARTHUR P. S., Coast Artillery Corps.

IRELAND, 1st LT. GORDON, Signal Corps. JOHNSON, DR. G. H. (Branch un- known).

KNAUER, FIRST LT. J. GLEN, 312th Field Artillery. LAFEAN, EARLE B., (Branch un- known.)

52

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

LaMOTTE, CAPT. CLARENCE K., In- fantry.

LAURITZEN, HARRY, Battery D, 346th F. A.

LEONARD, LIEUT. CLIFFORD S., Sanitary Corps, U. S. A.

LESTER, LT. G. M., Co. L., 59th In- fantry. LEWY, CAPT. H. M., Motor Transport Corps.

LOPEZ, CAPT. PASCUAL, Porto Rico Infantry.

MARTIN, DONALD W., Q. R. M. C.

MASSON, THOS. L., (Branch un- known.

MERILLAT, CAPT. LOUIS A., Jr., In- fantry.

MILLS, MAJOR WILLIS E., 4th Ma- chine Gun Bn., 2nd Div., Am. Ex. Forces.

MITCHELL, CAPT. WALTON I., 805 Pioneer Infantry, Am. Exp. Forces.

MORRISON, CHARLES R., Co. C. 12 2d Field Artillery. MORSE, CHAS. R., (Branch unknown) MOWER, R. H., Chemical Warefare Service.

OSSEGE, WALTER J., 3rd Co. 1st Tr. Bn., 158th Depot Brigade, Camp Sherman, Ohio.

PALMER, MAJOR FREDERICK L., re- tired.

*PALLETTE, CAPT. EDW. M., M. C, U. S. A.

PARKER, LT. COL., Infantry.

PARTELLO, COL. JOSEPH M. T., re- tired.

PETERS. MAJOR DON PRESTON, M. D.

POLLAR, CORPL. ROWLAND P., Co. I, 57th Pioneer Infantry, A. E. F. PRESTON, CAPT. HARRY L., 22nd Engineers.

RITTER, KARL, 3rd Co., 10th Inf.

ROBB, WM. 364 Ambulance Co., 316 Sanitary Train, A. E. F. ROSE A., 829th Aero Squadron.

ROTH, JEROME R., Battery E., 20th

F. A. * SAMPSON, LIEUT. ORVILLE H, Aircraft Production, Instrument & Armament Dept., Chicago, 111.

SEMMES, THOS. JR., Co. C. U. S.

Training Station, University, Va. * SKINNER, MAJOR CHAS. P., Q. M.

C. Domestic Div., Washington, D.

C. SHIRCLIFFE, LT. ARNOLD, 1st Ohio

Infantry- SLUSSER, MASTER ELECTRICIAN,

WALTER F., Coast Artillery, N. A. STANGEBY, 1st LT. T. L., Dental R. C. STARK, CAPT. ORA E., Q. M. C. STUCK, OLIVER J., 31st Div. 123 Am- bulance Co. 106 Sanitary Train,

A. E. F. UMDERfWOOD, CAPT. ARTHUR R.,

64th Infantry. URFF, CORP. PAUL J., Jr., Co. H.,

306th Infantry. VAWTER, LT. WM. S., 384 Stevefore

Training Reg., Camp Alexander,

Va. WAGNER, ROBERT J., Co. S. 333d

Infantry. *WAILLY, VICTOR R., Battery B.

Mountain Artillery, Corozal, Canal

Zone. WEISSHEIMER, CAPT. J. WARREN,

5 6th Infantry. WETHERELL, D. E., Bat. F., 4th Field

Artillery.

M. C. WHEAT, MAJOR A. F., M. D. WHEATuN, LT. COL. FRANCIS B., Q.

M. C. WOODHOUSE, 1st LT. S. W. WORRILOW, COL. ULYSSES G., In- fantry. ZIEGELE, SERGT. WM. J., U. S. Field

Artillery.

United States Navy.

EISENDRATH, RICHARD R., Naval Reserves. •

FERGUSON, ENSIGN W. F., U. S. S. Indiana.

GREEN, DICK, 132nd Co., 11th Regt.

HILEMAN, COMMANDER JOSEPH S.

HOOGHKIRK, ROBERT C, Naval Re- serves.

JUKES, ENSIGN E. W., Aide, 4th Na- val District.

JUNGWIRTH, JOHN, Naval Reserve.

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

53

PUGSLEY, FREDERIC N., Assistant

Surgeon, Naval Reserve. RYALL, ENSIGN GEO. D., U. S. N. R.

F. THEAMANN, CHARLES M. WIGGINS, JOSEPH G., Naval Reserve. WINTERHALTER, REAR-ADMIRAL

A. G.

Reserve Officers' Training Camps.

CARPENTER, A. E'VERLY, Student. HUTCHINS, FERNALD, Student. MORSE, CHAS. R., Student.

French Army.

CIHASE, MAJOR CARROLL, M. D. GIBSON, HENRY C.

British Army.

CLARKE, SAPPER EDW. I., Headquar- ters 16th Field Co. Cons. Engineers, Can. Exp. Forces, Siberia. GERENIMAKIS, C. S., British Egyp- tion Forces at Selowika.

EVANS, MAJOR E. B., Royal Artillery.

GILBERT-LODGE, LT. E. M., Royal Engineers.

HERDMAN, SERGEANT MAJOR N.,

Seaforth Highlanders. REID, LT. COL. JOHN Y., C. E. F. WURTELE, LT. COL. ERNEST F.,

Canadian Militia.

History and Biography of the 1851-60 Issue.

JOSEPH B. LEAVY.

On March 3, 1851, Congress passed an Act entitled: An Act to reduce and modify the Rates of Postage in the United States. This Act provides, in part, as follows:

"Be it enacted, etc., that from and after the 30th day of June, 1851, in lieu of the rates of postage now estab- lished by law, there shall be charged the following rates, viz.: For every single letter in manuscript, or paper of any kind upon which information shall be asked for or communicated, in writing, or by marks or signs, conveyed in the mail for any distance, between places in the United States, not exceeding 3,000 miles, when the postage upon said letter shall have been prepaid, three cents, and five cents when the postage there- on shall not have been prepaid, and for any distance exceeding 3,000 miles, double these rates; for every such single letter or paper when conveyed wholly or in part by sea; and to or from a for- eign country, for any distance over 2,- 500 miles, twenty cents and for any dis- tance under 2,500 miles, ten cents, ex- cepting however, all cases where such postages have been or shall be adjusted at different rates by postal treaty or

convention already concluded or here- after to be made; and for a double letter there shall be charged double the rates above specified; and for a treble letter, treble these rates; and for a quadruple letter, quadruple these rates; and every letter or parcel not exceeding half an ounce in weight shall be deemed a single letter, and every additional weight of half an ounce, or every additional weight of less than half an ounce, shall be charged with an additional single pos- tage., and all drop letters or letters placed in any post office, not for trans- mission but for delivery only, shall be charged with postage at the rate of one cent each, and all letters which shall hereafter be advertised as remaining over or uncalled for in any post office shall be charged with one cent additional to the regular postage, to be accounted

for as other postages now are. The

rate for circulars, handbills, pamphlets, engravings, and newspapers (excepting those coming from the publishers), shall be one cent for each ounce or frac- tion thereof, for distances under 500 miles, and an additional rate for each additional 1,000 miles or fraction there- of. The Postmaster General ~is au-

54

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

thorized to provide suitable postage stamps of the denominations of three cents, and such other denominations as he may think expedient to facilitate prepayment of postages provided for in this act."

Under the authrity of this Act the Postmaster General entered into con tract with the bank note engraving firm of Toppan, Carpenter, Casilear & Co. of Philadelphia, New York, Boston and Cincinnati, to furnish postage stamps of the new denominations of one cent, three and twelve cents, and carrier stamps of one cent, all to be of a super- ior quality and furnished at a lower cost than the five and ten cent stamps previously furnished by Rawdon, Wright Hatch & Edson. The first delivery of stamps under this contract was made on June 21, 1851, and consisted of 100,- 000 one cent, 3 00,000 three cent, and 100,000 twelve cent. These stamps were first placed on sale to the public on July 1, 1851. The carrier stamp was not delivered until later, the sup- ply being 300,000, and was first placed on sale to the public on September 29, 1851.

The official description of the stamps is as follows:

One-cent. — Profile of Franklin, after Ceracchi, looking to the right, the words "U. S. Postage" following an outside- border line in the medallion at the top, and "One Cent" at the bottom in white capitals and on curved panels; on the corners and partly surrounding the two panels are convolute scroll- work ornaments, nearly meeting in points on the sides. Color, indigo blue.

Three-cent.— Profile of Washington, after Houdon, facing left. Surround- ing the ellipse is a tessellated frame, terminating in each of the four corners with a fine lathe work rosette. At the top and bottom of the stamp are straight panels with a small part cut off at each end, the top bearing the words "U. S. Postage" and the bottom "Three Cents" in white capitals. In each of the four exised panel ends forming the extreme corners of the stamp is a small white diamond figure. A fine white line forms

an outer rectangular border. Color, brick red.

Twelve-cent. — Portrait of Washing- ton, after the painting by Stuart, three- quarters face, looking to the left. Above the medallion and conforming to its curve are the words "U. S. Postage" in white shaded capitals, and below simi- larly inscribed, are the words "Twelve cents." The medallion lies upon a rec- tangular, straight-lined engraved back- ground, whose corners which appear outside the ellipse are ornamented by scroll-work rosettes, and between this background and the outer border of the stamp there is a finely tessellated space. Color, black.

One-cent carrier stamp. — Profile bust of Franklin, looking to the left; frame oval geometrical lathe work; ornamen- tal multirayed stars at corners. The word "Carriers," in white capitals, in straight line at top of stamp; the word "Stamp," also in white capitals, in straight line at lower margin. A five- pointed star at each end of the words, in brackets. Color, indigo blue on rose colored paper.

As the carrier stamps did not express any denomination they caused great confusion as to their exact value and franking worth, stamps of new design were therefore ordered, which were to express the denomination one cent. These were duly executed and deliver- ed by the contracting firm and placed on sale on November 17, 1851, succeeding the Franklin carrier which was with- drawn from sale from that date. The official description of the second car- rier stamp is as follows:

One-cent carrier stamp. — Picture of an eagle upon the branch of a tree, poised as for flight, looking to the left. The central portion of the ground is dark, shaded into white near the cir- cumference. Within a dark border de- scribed by double lines there is a space left at the top for the words "U. S. P. O. Despatch" in white capitals, and at the bottom "Prepaid one cent," the tablets on which these words appear not quite meeting on the left and right, leaving spaces of lighter color. Leaves

THE AMERICAN PHILATELIST.

55

of oak appear in the lefthand corners and of laurel in the right, clinging to the inscription surrounding the medal- lion, but leaving in the extreme corners a white ground. The longest diameter of the ellipse is horizontal, and the outer line of the stamp is a parallellogram bordered by single straight lines. Color, light indigo blue.

The carrier stamp was really super- fluous, its powers were limited, while the duties it did perform could be equal- ly well executed by the one cent postage stamp, accordingly the carrier stamp was withdrawn from circulation on January 27, 1852. It is stated that the Franklin carrier was in use only in the cities of New York, Boston, Philadelphia and New Orleans, and the eagle carrier only in the cities of Philadelphia and Cincinnati. The statement regarding the places of use of the Franklin carrier is undoubtedly based on deductions only, derived from the following report of the Postmaster General, dated November 29, 1851, which reads:

"A contract has been made for the supply of the postage stamps authorized by the act of March last. These stamps are believed to be of superior quality, and are furnished at a less price than was formerly paid. Some of those fur- nished soon after the execution of the contract were found to be deficient in adhesive qualities, but it is believed that there will be no ground for future com- plaint

"The streets, avenues, roads and pub- lic highways of the cities of New York Boston, Philadelphia, and New Orleans have been established as post routes under the 10th section of the postage act of March 3, 1851, and letter carriers appointed for the service thereon. If it is the intention of Congress to trans- fer the whole despatch business of the cities to the letter carriers of the de- partment, further legislation for that purpose is desirable."

The rates on printed matter were re- duced by an Act, approved August 30, 18 52, which provides:

"From and after September 30, 1852, postage on all printed matter passing

by mail, instead of the rates now charg- ed, shall be as follows: Each newspaper, periodical, unsealed circular, or other article of printed matter, not exceeding three ounces in weight, to any part of the United States, one cent; and for every additional ounce or fraction there- of one cent additional."

The reports of the Post Office De- partment show the following quanti- ties of